Are major programs considered temporary of permanent organizations

Are significant projects thought about brief of changeless associations From an administration point of view, should significant projects be viewed as perpetual or brief associations? Change is perpetual in this way all associations are brief. So does it make a difference if the executives sees significant projects as brief or perpetual associations? The appropriate response is it does. Significant projects are a social develop and there gives off an impression of being huge contrasts in culture, conduct and execution that differ with the observation an association joins to its life expectancy. In this paper we will ask what significant projects are, the means by which they happen, what their motivation is, the way they are arranged and how the entirety of this ought to be considered while thinking about whether they ought to be viewed as transitory or lasting associations. We will investigate social and conduct qualities to be found in changeless and impermanent associations and consider how this influences execution and results. We will allude to speculations of hierarchical plan to perceive how significant projects may be characterized and organized so as to ev aluate whether an impermanent or lasting association is most appropriate to compelling administration. At long last, we will arrive at a determination about; regardless of whether, from an administration point of view, undertakings ought to be viewed as brief or perpetual. Significant projects can be seen as the large form of projects which, themselves, are an assortment of activities being worked for a shared objective. Huge in this contextâ [1]â refers to long span (c7-10 years), and significant expense (>$1bn). Underneath the surface there are numerous other confounding factors that bestow each significant program with its individual character. These incorporate however are not restricted to: noteworthy bespoke item customisation, uncommon scale, critical reputational factors, transformational change, persistent changes all through life. With this joined they present a considerably more mind boggling and testing condition than the single venture. Significant projects are authorized so as to convey a stage change on a vital scale. Quinn (1978) says they are a reaction to change shortage. Thiry (2007) says the need to change is normally brought about by an inadmissible condition (p.119) which could be unsatisfied desire. As they devour a considerable portion of the associations asset and capital for a continued period they are approved through the vital arrangement. The need to keep up this connect to key goal makes one of the most significant issues and difficulties identifying with transitory or perpetual structure. In his broadly regarded work The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning Mintzberg makes the contention that plans and procedure are not all purposeful. They work inside an unsteady existence where factors outside authoritative ability to control are continually connecting to make new real factors. In this world the planned technique is affected or supplanted by what Mintzberg terms as developing system. Because of th eir span, significant projects must conform to changed conditions by making changes to their own arrangements and goals. By ideals of their scale they likewise need to criticism into the technique arranging condition as an information, which will thus impact new procedure by means of a Double Loop process (Thiry and Deguire 2007). From an organization the board viewpoint it is in this manner significant that a significant program is worked through an association whose future and theory is lined up with key aim as opposed to explicit beginning and end focuses along a basic course of events. In the assessment of Thiry this requires customary surveys to guarantee the program is on track, requiring alteration and still required. The end date that is dictated by the acknowledgment of advantages instead of a handover to tasks at item fulfillment (Thiry 2007). Taking this idea even more, some significant projects are presently sorted out around a Build Own Operate (BOO) model, Jaafari (200 7). BOOs are changeless associations intended to counter the hazard that task groups consider themselves to be impermanent associations who are not engaged with acknowledging benefits. To scholars like Thiry the connection between the significant program association and procedure is central. He expresses that projects need to create business level advantages and are a connection among technique and undertakings Thiry (2007) p.114). So from its beginning to its end point the life of a significant program is represented by key conveyance. The job of the arrangement additionally has an impact on the reasonable items of working by means of an impermanent or perpetual structure. Task groups sorted out as indicated by ordinary undertaking the board norms work best with fixed and precise plans. The arrangement is the vehicle for their association. By affirming the arrangement the changeless association is successfully making an agreement that delegates position to a nearby association Ives (2005) p.45 that can take choices and act rapidly without continually alluding to the levels of leadership as it continues on ahead. This style of venture the board, functions admirably with a very much characterized and exact arrangement. In any case, the arrangement for a multi year significant program costing $1bn is definitely going to be wrong (ref Mintzberg). The job of the outer condition is probably going to be more prominent, the program head will be compelled to invest energy managing outside bodies (controllers, pressure gathe rings) Hobbs and Miller (1988) p.147, there will be a need to evaluate and survey Thiry (2007) p.133 and, with so much organization asset tied up in its activity, the program has a task to carry out in institutional learning, staff preparing and improvement. These liquid conditions don't bolster the fixed arrangement model. They are increasingly recognizable to head supervisors in a lasting association than venture administrators in a brief association. This makes a strain in authoritative structure. The way that venture the executives has become the mainstream motor of progress in any event, prompting colonization and the projectification of society Maylor et al (2006) p.664 vouches for disappointment with past execution. Significant projects had a background marked by flopping even before they were called significant projects. The appropriation of a task approach is evidence that associations need unique assistance to defeat inner obstruction and resistance to key change. The task based transitory association offers the guarantee of being progressively resolute, target driven, dynamic, better at parallel correspondence, quicker at choice taking and acting, undistracted, specific and clear in mission. To investigate the ramifications of embracing a brief association structure in more detail it is valuable to allude to A hypothesis for the impermanent association Lundin, R.A. furthermore, Soderholm, A. (1995). This hypothesis alludes to fundamental ideas of Time, Task, Team and Transition. It proposes that changeless associations have a perspective on the world that depends on their quality proceeding until the end of time. By differentiate impermanent associations use time as an essential measure. Key occasions activities are dimensioned against a direct course of events. While perpetual associations are responsible for money related execution, the transitory association is given regulation from financial commitments and some other interruptions. The transitory association (Team) is subsidized to convey a yield which will in the long run be moved (by means of Transition) to the changeless association who will utilize it to make an incentive in accordance with the vital aim. The tr ansitory association could be viewed as an enterprising replacement for advertise valuing. As per the hypothesis the transitory association goes through a succession of stages that start when a gathering advances the Task for the venture (Action based entrepreneurialism). Discontinuity of responsibility building happens when the group decouples from the association from other past, contemporary or even future successions of exercises. Arranged seclusion portrays the procedure where the group closes itself away by purposely confining the association to execute the arrangement for which the entire activity ought to continue like a train moving at fast towards the end station without undesirable stops. Systematized Termination depicts the procedure where the group is recoupled to the association and conveys their yield to activities by means of a connecting procedure. In spite of the fact that this grouping would bolster a regular venture, an impermanent association following this conduct is probably not going to effectively traverse a multi year significant program lifecycle . The accentuation on detachment, time based conveyance and a fixed arrangement is unreasonable. Over a multi year time frame the brief and changeless association should methodicallly trade information, staff and updated plans. Unbelievable disconnection with rapid conveyance and no undesirable stops isn't reasonable. Lundin and Soderholm just viewed as two sorts of venture. Interesting where the venture was investigating new ground and dreary which was a task (like development) in light of recently attempted and tried plans. To push the conversation ahead it is valuable to think about how as a program may be grouped so as to make a fitting hierarchical structure that fits the requirements of methodology. On account of significant projects even tedious activities (for instance connect building) present adequate neighborhood variety for the supervisors to feel their undertaking is novel. To consider whether impermanent or changeless is best it would be valuable for the executives to have the option to evaluate the setting of their particular venture. Shenhars Diamond Model Shenhar (2007) in view of possibility hypothesis is helpful for this. It gives off an impression of being appropriate to the full range of activities from single undertaking to significant program. Shenhar shuns the one size fits all p.10 Shenhar (2007) strategy of standard venture the board for utilizing old style possibility hypothesis to address the requirement for adjusting the correct style to the correct undertaking Shenhar (2007). Having examined 600 undertakings Shenhar built up a view utilizing Uncertainty and change,

Cultural Similarities and Differences

The Indian culture has various dialects, which incorporate Hindi, Bengali, and Urdu. The authoritatively perceived language is Hindi with other nearby dialects not perceived by the focal government. Texans formally utilize American English with different varieties and accents. Australian dialects Include Australian slang, Indigenous Australian dialects, and varieties of Australian English (Dally, 1998). Nigeria has more than 50 indigenous dialects with a lot of neighborhood tongues. The dominating dialects are Your, Bio, Afro - Asiatic and Kanji. The official language is English ND Is utilized over all states to join the people.Except India, the other three nations share a pay language (I. E. English) however It has little varieties In intonation and articulation. Family Systems Indians keep up close to home ties with their families including the more distant family individuals. Family connections are various leveled and the dad is the man centric pioneer of the family. All individua ls have shared commitments to their families and they keep up profound established trust among all family members (Maker, 2008). Nigerian keep up a more distant family framework with connections guided by chain of command and seniority.Individuals are obliged to give the more distant family individuals money related help and direction (Coelenterates. N. D). The American nuclear family Is atomic with the more distant family living endlessly from it. Independence is profoundly polished. The family set ups over the four nations perceives the dad as the leader of the family. The job of more distant family individuals is underscored in Nigerian and Indian societies where individuals perceive the senior individuals from the general public. Australian and Texan societies accentuate independence and the social orders create profoundly free individuals. Conduct NormsIn India, welcome follow status with the most senior individual being welcomed first. In spite of the fact that shaking hands I s normal, men rarely warmly greet ladies as a result of strict convictions and It Is obligatory to say goodbye to every individual Individually when leaving a gathering. In Nigeria, shaking hands is the most widely recognized type of welcome. Men 1 OFF other individual's prosperity. Direct eye to eye connection is dodged when meeting with more seasoned and senior individuals from the general public and as an indication of regard one is relied upon to bow. Nigerian spot significance to proficient titles and family names. In Texas welcome are easygoing, a handshake, a grin, and a welcome are enough.Men utilize just handshakes however ladies and kids may embrace and shake hands even in formal settings. Presentations are significant before any correspondence. It is viewed as inconsiderate to call senior people by their first name. Men should be respectful to women, they pull seats and open entryways for them and women are relied upon to state an obliging thank you consequently (Celebrit ies, 2012). Australian types of welcome are casual and brief; shaking hands is basic in formal arrangements. Women for the most part don't welcome one another. Australians keep up great associations with all individuals as they are sensible ND modest.Religion India is a common state with a ton of strict decent variety. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jansenism, and Schism are rehearsed by the greater part of the individuals. Christianity is rehearsed by a minority. Texas has a wide scope of strict decent variety with Christianity being rehearsed by the greater part. Adherence levels are high and individual strict convictions are endured. Strict decent variety in Nigeria is incredible with Christianity and Islam being drilled by the larger part. Local religions that put stock in divinities, spirits, and genealogical love are spread all through the nation. The nation constitution compensates opportunity of worship.Majority of Australians are Christians with Islam being drilled by a couple. Conven tional native strict societies are polished by a couple of natives as the others have changed over to Christianity. The nation laws are open minded to various strict convictions. Over the four nations, religion impacts the way of life of the individuals with Christianity, Salamis, Hinduism, and Judaism being perceived and acknowledged by the social orders. Opportunity of love is permitted by their separate constitutions; however in Nigeria development of radical Salamis has influenced he culture of the social orders living in the influenced areas.Business Etiquette There are different manners by which business is drawn nearer in different social orders. In Indian culture, it is standard for all sides to actually know each other before any business exchange occur. Conferences are arranged by arrangements and timeliness is kept as an indication of common regard. Dealings are non angry and an official choice is made by the individual with the most power. Dynamic is moderate and casual and fruitful arrangements are finished up by an informal exchange and celebrated over a supper. Formal dressing during gatherings is normal and shows respect.In the Nigerian culture, building up an individual relationship is fundamental before any business exchange. Business is led in a conventional arrangement and dynamic includes all the partners. Nigerian are excessively dubious and continue with business warily. Reliability for gatherings is critical to Texans and it is an indication of irreverence to be late. There is little accentuation on casual banter and business is directed quickly. To lead business, an arrangement is important in Australia. Business is led quickly in a casual situation. Individual connections and show of feeling isn't significant in their business transactions.Conclusion The way of life over all the four nations is soaks with contrasts and similitudes consistently changing with appearance of globalization and data innovation. The family and strict tendenc ies of these social orders in a general sense impacts their conduct, standards, and perspective. The way of life have natural components of keeping up their lifestyle. In all the way of life, more youthful individuals are required to regard their older folks and this keeps up social request. In spite of the fact that essentially extraordinary, arioso societies have a great deal to instruct and are all around nearly the equivalent.

Imago Therapy for Relationships

Imago Therapy for Relationships Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Imago Therapy for Relationships By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 18, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 29, 2019 More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse In This Article Table of Contents Expand Relationships Emphasis Uses Imago Dialogue Individual Therapy Getting Started View All Back To Top Imago therapy is a specific style of relationship therapy designed to help conflict within relationships become opportunities for healing and growth. The term imago is Latin for image and, within imago relationship therapy, refers to an unconscious image of familiar love. Imago relationship therapy was developed by Harville Hendrix, Ph.D. and Helen LaKelly Hunt, Ph.D. In the late 1970s, both clinicians had experienced divorce in their relationship history. After looking for effective and evidence-based support for understanding relationship dynamics and finding very little in the way of helpful resources, they chose to build from their own experiences to research and develop an evidence-based model of counseling that would help facilitate healing and growth in committed relationships. Imago and Relationships The concept of imago as an image of familiar love suggests that our early relationships teach us something about love and about ourselves. Through these early experiences, we develop a sense of an identity related to love, such as what love is and what we need to do in order to experience love from others and feel safe. In our early relationships, we start to develop a sense of self-worth based on how we are treated by important people in our lives. We start to develop attachment patterns and start to gain a sense of how we think we should be treated by others. For example, if growing up you only received praise and feelings of love from your caregivers when you performed well at a task, you may move into your adult life believing that you must perform well in order to be worthy of love and to receive care and comfort from your partner. If your partner turns away or shuts down on you, leaving you feeling unloved, you might quickly start to reflect on your own behaviors, replaying things and looking for what you may have done wrong for the person to treat you this way. 3 Key Factors in Healthy Relationships Our intimate relationships are prime ground for bringing up raw spots, old wounds, and patterned behaviors. These connections can leave us feeling close and cared for, as well as lonely and abandoned. It is not surprising that our intimate relationships often tend to bring up old, familiar emotional wounds since imago therapy suggests that we pick partners who feel familiar to us. When these old wounds come up in relationships, it can give us a chance to heal and grow. Imago relationship therapy believes this to be true as well. As Dr. Hendrix stated in his best-selling book Getting the Love You Want, We are born in relationship, we are wounded in relationship, and we can be healed in relationship. Picking a Familiar Partner Imago therapy suggests that we choose partners who remind us of our early caregiversâ€"a combination of their good qualities and not-so-good qualities. This is a reason why the person we seem to click with feels familiar to us and why we might be comfortable to let our guard down with them. Because they have traits we are familiar with, we also tend to know how to navigate those traits because of what we learned growing up. To think that we might select a partner with the same not-so-great traits as an early caregiver might drive us crazy! It makes sense, though, because we tend to find it easier to navigate situations and people who feel familiar to us. If you were used to getting the cold shoulder from a caregiver during times of conflict or distress, you might feel a strange, familiar comfort in a partner who does that as well, as compared to someone who is more assertive and actively engages in verbal exchange during times of conflict or distress. What Makes It Different? Although these concepts are utilized in different types of dynamic psychotherapy, imago therapy emphasizes that our early attachment experiences with caregivers may directly influence our choice of partner as an adult. As we date, we may come across someone who seems all too familiar and easy to connect with, almost as if we have known them before or for a long time. What imago therapy suggests is that these people feel familiar to us because they parallel relationship dynamics we have been in before with caregivers in our early experiences. When we feel comfortable and familiar with someone, we begin to let our guard down and grow closer, which makes it easier to build a romantic relationship. The closer we become over time, we may find old emotional wounds surfacing within our relationship and wonder what is happening. Another thing that makes imago therapy different from other styles of therapy is that it is focused on using conflict and distress and opportunities for healing and growth. Rather than teaching people how to simply fight better or find ways to avoid conflict within your relationship, imago therapy encourages couples to lean into those moments of distress and use them for exploration, curiosity, and learning. Imago therapy is collaborative, meaning that there is not a distinct role of a therapist as an advice-giving authority but, rather, the therapist works together with the couple to take a look at what is happening for them and healing the relationship as a whole. The therapist allows for the couple to be the experts of their dynamic, facilitating the conversation in a way that allows partners to learn from each other. What Can It Help With? Imago therapy was developed specifically for the understanding and healing of relationships. Some of the issues that imago therapy can help with include: Communication challengesRecurring disagreements/conflictFeelings of disconnectionLack of intimacyInfidelity/trust You do not have to necessarily be in distress to participate in imago relationship therapy. In fact, couples who are not in distress can significantly benefit from participating, learning about these dynamics within the relationship and gaining a better understanding of themselves and their partner. Who Can Imago Help? Those in committed relationships with a significant other would be excellent candidates to benefit from imago therapy. Couples at all stages and seasons of their relationship are encouraged to participate, from dating and premarital couples to those who have been together for many years.?Individuals can also participate in imago relationship therapy. People who are dating can certainly benefit from learning about their relationship patterns, choices of partners, and how to find and connect with someone who is a safe person and a healthy partner. Imago Dialogue One core aspect of imago relationship therapy is the imago dialogue. This dialogue is a structured method, facilitated by a trained imago therapist, which allows partners to gain understanding and increase empathy. The goals of imago dialogue are to: Remove negative, hurtful language from communicationCreate a safe emotional environment for both partners to openly shareAllow both partners equal space and eliminate the idea that one partner has more power over the other Within this dialogue there is a sender and a receiver, the sender being the one to share thoughts and feelings openly with their receiver. The receiver practices the following three steps during the imago dialogue: Mirroring: Repeating back what you have heard your partner say, in order to gain clarification and understanding. The receiver does this with no judgment, criticism or response, but simply repeating back what they have heard their partner say.Validation: The receiver works to validate parts of what their partner (the sender) has shared, what makes sense to them. As they are doing this, they are letting their partner know that they get it and are actively trying to understand. If there are parts that the receiver does not yet understand, they can ask the sender to share more.Empathy: At this point in the dialogue, the receiver shares with their partner what they think the other might be feeling. Sharing on this level is a way to let their partner know they are gaining a deeper understanding of their emotional experience, allowing the partner to feel seen and heard. Imago for Individuals Although imago relationship therapy is a model of counseling designed to effectively work with couples in committed relationships, you certainly do not need to be in an active relationship to benefit from imago therapy. In fact, many people who are dating may find this type of therapy very useful for examining their own history and how it might be influencing their dating patterns and choices in partners. By participating in imago therapy by yourself, you can learn what some of your old wounds or emotional raw spots might be that are impacting your relationships. Finding a sense of healing around these raw spots can be valuable in helping you move forward with more confidence and learning how to be a great, compassionate partner in your next relationship. Common Questions How Can I Get Started With Imago Therapy? Two main ways to start learning more about imago therapy and how it can help your relationship include workshops and therapy sessions. There are several varied workshops available, all based on the model of imago therapy. Some of the workshops available are tailored  specifically to: Premarital couplesCouples in distressCouples with childrenChristian couplesSame-sex couplesIndividuals Workshops are offered around the world and it is likely that there are workshops available in your area or region. The other method of participation is in counseling with an imago trained therapist. Sessions are traditionally offered one hour at a time, although there are often additional services available such as intensives that last a few hours or retreats that might last for a few days. Having face to face time with an imago trained therapist allows you and your partner to actively dig into the dynamics of your relationship. During that time you will be using dialogue, facilitated by the therapist, to explore and learn what happens for your partner when there is distress or conflict in the relationship. Actively seeking understanding can increase empathy and create a sense of connection and healing between partners so the same patterns and issues stop coming up time and time again. How Can I Find an Imago Therapist? Many therapists who work with couples have likely had some training inâ€"and basic understanding ofâ€"imago relationship therapy. You can find resources in your area, such as trained and even fully certified imago relationship therapists, at sites such as Imago Relationships International. There you can search a database of trained imago therapists from around the world, searching by your location and type of relationship need. You can also discover locations for a variety of workshops available, which are based on the principles of imago relationship therapy. Are There Times When Imago Therapy Might Not Help? As with other types of relationship therapy, there are times when imago therapy might not be a good fit for your relationship. These times might include situations such as domestic violence, active substance abuse, or other addictive behaviors that can get in the way of a successful relationship therapy experience. Imago therapy may only be effective when issues like this are resolved first.   How Couples Counseling Can Help With Addiction Issues Additional Resources If you are interested in learning about imago relationship therapy but not yet sure if you are interested in attending a workshop or therapy sessions, there are several popular books written by Dr. Hendrix and Dr. Hunt that you can check out, including: Getting the Love You Want: A Guide for CouplesKeeping the Love You Find: A Personal GuideMaking Marriage Simple: 10 Relationship Saving TruthsReceiving Love: Transforming Your Relationship By Letting Yourself Be LovedThe Space Between: The Point of ConnectionThe Happy Couples Secret: How to Build a Lasting, Satisfying Relationship Many of the titles have a workbook version available to help better understand the material and learn how it might apply to your own relationship patterns.

Laziness Is It The American Way - 1331 Words

Jeff Taylor Professor Ristroph ENGL 1101 22, June 2015 Laziness: Is it the American Way? Laziness is defined by the Webster’s Dictionary as: Not eager or willing to work or exert oneself; indolent; slothful, slow and heavy, sluggish. (Webster’s college dictionary) There are a number of things that can cause laziness. A new study finds eating too much junk food may make you mentally slower or less motivated. Depression can also be a cause of Laziness. Jessica Firger, writer for CBS NEWS writes, â€Å"Junk food makes you lazy, not just fat, study suggests.† I personally believe that laziness is derived from three things: Distractions, Procrastination, or different Lifestyle issues. There are many distractions that we face from day to day that can lead to living our lives in the state of laziness. We have many different vices that distract our attention from things that are important and really matter. We all tend to deter from our important day to day activities and check our Facebook page, play games via our cell phone, or even look at our favorite television show. All these things can cause up to 4-5 hours of daily distractions, sometimes even more. For indolence and idleness, which are such a great vice in society, are so no longer in anyone who has renounced the advantages of society not to endure its works (Pierre and Gage 42). These small moments of idleness can cause you not to complete any tasks that you have at hand. As I digress, I did a study on accidents thatShow MoreRelated Lazy is the American Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesLazy is the American Today’s American society consists of many technological achievements. The cars we drive, the classes we take, and even the things we do in our spare time has changed due to the increasing amount of technology that is available to us. 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Having a say in the American government is an honor and a privilege bestowed upon American citizens when they reach the age of eighteen. However, in recent years, statistics have shown that voter turnout and participation in recent elections has been rapidly and steadily declining

America Essay Topics Tips

America Essay Topics Tips Facts, Fiction and America Essay Topics For instance, a paper focusing on effects might have a paragraph about how exercise helps diabetics by boosting muscle mass. Slavery wasn't just started due to the demand for financial development. Report research papers are usually utilised in the workplace and company environments. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a massive quantity of curiosity and capacity to think beyond the box and search data in unconventional sources. The analytical research paper generally starts with a question that's explored and examined via the use of primary and secondary resources. If you're already partially knowledgeable about that culture, choose a feature of the culture you would love to find out more about to make certain that you're engaged in your research. If you don't wish to center on the content of British literature, it is possible to instead consider the form and fashion. An encyclopedia might be a great place to start your search. American teenagers essay is an extensive subject that can be focused on several different elements that impact the teens, their issues and respective areas in which teenagers have gained recognition. You get to observe people from all different elements of the planet, together, living in 1 country. Many children that are put into slavery wind up working in clothing manufacturing plants also referred to as sweatshops. The issue of women's place in the society was studied for ma ny centuries, and it's still relevant at the start of the 21st century. A Secret Weapon for America Essay Topics In the modern society, many improved racial equality measures are taken as a way to be certain that the folks of america are treated as if in one social group. The liberty to choose a leader of your choice is one that people take for granted when they're supposed to be glad they can. An essay about the root of the American Civil War could start with slavery and move on to other ideas, including states' rights. The community is a lot more involved with the police with community partnerships with police as well as the police seek information from the community to cover the requirements of the general public. The maximum proportion of slavery that is observed in the current age is child labor. Many also question the potency of stem cell research and whether or not it has any potential to locate cures for diseases like cancer, AIDS or Parkinson's. Whenever there's a frequent supply of pessimism towards a specific race, then and there it will ultimately affect the general opinions of the populace. There'll always be prejudice and hate, but they aren't tolerated in the U.S. To dwell in the USA is an excellent privilege. Dependent on the topic one ought to compile data to create a considerable base and argument in the essay. Narrowing down the list can be hard. Write a list of ideas you've got or a list of things you're interested in. You need to place up your argument in three or more sentences. Your title should state the use of the essay clearly. The topic sentence is normally the very first sentence of a paragraph. Pick 1 thing about the U.S. Constitution including its amendments that you believe ought to be changed. For your essay to be persuasive, it should be presented dependent on solid research. Persuasive essays are typical assignments in a variety of classes, including history courses. 1 essay topic may be a journal entry from the view of a classmate. Deciding on the correct essay topic can occasionally be rather tricky. While an encyclopedia doesn't go in-depth in the particulars of a culture, it gives an overall picture of topics you may want to investigate. The introduction needs to be developed through your thesis. An excellent introduction sets the scene, establishes the tone and provides a clear idea about what the essay is all about. Search for the international history essay topics in the news or on the internet. Religion is more of a popular topic and one which I would rather not go into deeply. Starting your cultural differences essay may be challenging undertaking. Think of the subject of the history essay you've already written before. If you wish to compose a great history essay you'd better select a topic that's familiar to you.

Mental Health Project Free Essays

My initial reaction to the news would be one of worry and apprehension. I know that mentally ill people may be violent in some ways and that they may wander around the community and with my young child at home, the negative scenarios would be endless. On the other hand I know that mentally ill people can also be cured and they should be given the chance to have their lives back as fully functioning members of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health Project or any similar topic only for you Order Now With a halfway house as a neighbor, I would think that it would probably pose a threat to our way of life and the safety of my child. Its because the proximity of the center to us would disrupt our way of life for example I would not have peace of mind knowing that mentally-ill people are beside us, thus it would possibly lead to over protectiveness. I would also be overly concerned of who my child interacts with especially if the mentally-ill residents are allowed to roam the premises. I would also probably think that the neighborhood is not a safe and healthy community to raise my child. The stigma and the negative attitudes of people to the half-way house is also not far from reality and maybe as neighbors people would think of us differently also. Having a half-way house for mentally-ill people as a neighbor brings mixed emotions, fear, anxiety, pity and generally I would be upset. I would fear that the residents in the facility would harm us and especially harm my child. I would be anxious of the stress of having mentally-ill neighbors, that I might always be thinking of how they would affect our daily lives. I would also feel pity for those mentally-ill people because they do deserve a place to stay where they can get better before being institutionalized. And in all honesty, I would be upset by the fact  that as a health care provider, I should not be feeling and thinking this because I know that they can do get better and I should not be too narrow minded about it. Based on my feelings and thoughts about the halfway house, I would probably wait and see whether what the conditions are in the facility is and how it impacts the community before I decide to leave the community. Since I don’t want to be consumed by my irrational thoughts about the matter and I also don’t want to risk the safety of my child, then I would try my best to be objective in the decisions that I would make. Bibliography Atkinson, R. et.al (1998). Hilgard’s Introduction to Psychology 8th ed. New York, Prentice-Hall    How to cite Mental Health Project, Essay examples

War Strategies Essays - Military Doctrines, International Relations

War Strategies "Classical set-piece wars between states seem to be a thing of the past, replaced by Intra-wars, insurgency and counter-insurgency wars of one kind or another. These developments give us reason to re-think all our theories of war and peace. We need new theories about violence in world politics." Discuss this claim. War has been a major focal point in international relations for the past 300 years. The moral, legal, humans and strategic nature of war has, and will continue to command attention of all followers of world affairs. War is a changing phenomena, taking on new characteristics as its surroundings change, diplomatic practitioners and academic experts regarded as one that it is fought between states but now this premise is being challenged. The theories developed by predominately by the realist paradigm are becoming anachronistic in its conception of war, a changing world means the realist notion of war is not relevant to emerging situations in the peripheral nations. War as an instrument of state policy is a relatively new phenomena, early wars were often though for more medieval objectives, for example the spread of Christendom. War in Europe only became largely politically based after the 17th century, and the main purpose of the exercise of military power shifted to hold the advancement and protection of the state as its primary concern. Despite its negativity war exists because of its vital role in politics, the two are inter-linked, "war is a continuation of politics by other means". War is a vehicle of conflict resolution, generally undertaken when diplomatic measures have been exhausted, war causes an outcome, therefore a rational if not morally defensible means to a known end. History since the thirty years war (1648) has seen a process of state building by the European powers. Centralising monarchies by the 18th century has slowly gained a monopoly of force within there own territories and began to establish themselves as sovereign states. The concept of sovereignty was underpinned by the supreme authority of dynastic rule, that provided the residing monarch unshakeable authority. War altered with the advent of napoleon and his imperialistic ideals. War turned from a limited exercise to a waged campaign of annihilation. Napoleons political ambitions preceded those of the previous century in its intensity, and the cost in life and money spurred an attempt to curb wars effects. The Congress of Vienna is the first diplomatic attempt to limit the effects and causes of war between states, still the great powers continued their nation building until the first world war. The great war shattered a period of relative peace, its terrible consequences causing a shift in public opinion against war-fare. Increasing restraints were imposed upon the use of war as a means of furthering political ambition, the Kellogg Braind pact of 1928 compelled its signatories to exhaust diplomatic proceduer before violence. Those who violated the pact were guilty of 'crimes against humanity'. This demonstrates the appeal of the 'strong state' to developing nations , and that war between states continued despite attempts to curb it. This culminated eventually in the 'Cold war', the ultimate State versus state stand off, the vast military resources and the human consequence nuclear weapons made the nations impotent by virtue of the destructive capability they possessed. This history generally supports the Clausewitzen definition of war, that it remains a means of serving the state. In the second half of this century the use of force remains a distinct possibility in the interactions of nations. State security remains a priority on governmental agendas, and even with the emergence of the UN no member relies comprehensively on its forces. The great powers of the previous century dominated the development of international theory, the balance of power theory provided the realist solution to war by mutual deterrence. These great powers had secure boundaries, a highly developed infrastructure both social and political yet it was on the virtue of their military resources that they were perceived as 'Great'. The theory of power runs synonymous with the phenonoma of war. In the new world order conflict between states Is rare, most war now occurs in the middle east, south east Asia and central America. Since 1945 the great powers have generally had to respond to wars in what modern commentaries term a 'weak state'. "the anarchy within states rather than between states is the fundamental condition that explains the prevalence of war since 1945". A strong state is founded on the inter-relation between its physical attributes i.e. its territory, population, resources and its underpinning cultural base of affections and ideology.

Saturn essays

Saturn essays Saturn is the second largest planet and sixth from the sun. Saturn is most known for its rings, first seen in 1610 by Italian scientist Galileo and identified as rings by Dutch astronomer Christian Huygens in 1655. The rings consist greater than 100,000 single ringlets. It is the most oblate planet because of the rapid rotation of the planet, which flattens Saturn at the poles by about 10%. Its composition is mostly composed of hydrogen and helium. It is mostly liquid, with a small rocky core expected, but not directly observe. At the center, heavy elements have probably settled into the small rocky core with a temperature close to 15,000 C (27,000 F). Saturn also has an international heat source (it radiates more energy than it receives). The gravitational pull causes it to emit three times as much heat as it receives from the sun. Saturns atmosphere is 88% hydrogen and 11% helium, with traces of other gasses. The body of Saturn rotates with a period of 10 hours 39 minutes 25 seconds. The ring system of Saturn is divided into 5 major components: the G, F, A, B, and C rings, listed from the outside to inside (but in reality, these major divisions are subdivided into thousands of individual ringlets). The F and G rings are thin and difficult to see, while the A, B, and C rings are broad and easily visible. The large gap between the A ring and the B ring is called the Cassaini division. The visible rings of Saturn stretch out to a distance of 136,200-km (84,650 miles) from Saturns center, but in many regions they may be only 5 meters thick. They contain rocks, frozen gases, and water ice in lumps. One of the rings is even dense enough to block sunlight. Saturns current number of known satellites is 19. These range in size from Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System, to small asteroid like objects. The moons are Atlas, Calypso, Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Helene, Hyperion, Iap ...

Games and Gambles

Games and Gambles Games and Gambles Games and Gambles By Mark Nichol This post lists and defines words stemming from game and gamble, both of which derive from the Old English word gamen, meaning â€Å"amusement,† â€Å"fun,† and â€Å"joy.† A game is an activity for amusement or diversion, or a scheme or a tactic, and to make game of someone is to mock that person. In the first sense, the word may refer to an activity that has little or no equipment, such as tag, or to a game of chance or skill or a combination thereof- anything from a board game (one with a playing board with a design that facilitates playing the game, such as Monopoly) or a video game (also designed to regiment the procedure of playing the game) to an athletic or intellectual contest. (The second element of backgammon, the name for a particular board game, derives from gamen.) Game also refers to various aspects of competition, such as a manner or aspect of playing (as in referring in American football to a â€Å"passing game,† which denotes a playing strategy focused on passing the ball rather than running with it). In plural form, it pertains to an organized set of competitions, as in â€Å"the Olympic Games.† Game also applies, by extension, to an activity on the analogy of amusement or competition, or as a pursuit that, like most games, has more or less established rules, such as in â€Å"the game of love.† (Game also serves as a synonym for specialty, as in â€Å"Office politics is not my game,† with the connotation that one has no interest in or talent for the referenced activity.) Endgame refers to the latter stages of a chess game or, by extension, to the final stage of an action or process, generally with the connotation of a strategic goal. As an adjective, game means â€Å"motivated or prepared to participate† or â€Å"spirited† (gamely is an adverb that applies to engaging in an endeavor with one sensibility or the other), and gamelike pertains to something resembling or suggesting a game. â€Å"Ball game† refers to a sport in which a ball is used, though, by extension, it pertains to any contest or any situation in general, as in the phrase â€Å"a whole new ball game.† (A game ball, meanwhile, is a ball used in a game and awarded to someone as a prize for their contribution to victory in the competition.) Game play refers to an established procedure for playing a particular game. A game face is an expression of concentration and determination shown by a competitor, a game plan is a strategy (the verb form is game-plan), and a game show is a broadcast program in which contestants compete in a quiz or some other activity or series of activities. A game changer (or game-changer) is an element or factor that alters the status quo. A gamer is a person who plays games, though the term almost invariably refers to someone who plays computer or video games. Game is also the basis of a number of idiomatic phrases, which will be discussed in a future post. From the notion of hunting and fishing as an endeavor carried out for amusement rather than or in addition to sustenance, wild animals hunted for both purposes, and the flesh of such animals, are called game. Terms that include game and pertain to hunting or fishing include â€Å"game animal,† â€Å"game bird† or â€Å"game fowl,† and â€Å"game fish† (any species of various types of creatures that are hunted), as well as â€Å"game bag† (a sack for carrying carcasses of birds one has hunted). A game cock is a rooster trained to engage in cockfighting, and a game hen is a small species of fowl, while a gamekeeper is a person responsible for breeding and protecting game animals on a private estate or preserve. A game cart is a small horse-drawn cart, perhaps originally intended to carry game after a hunt. The adjective gamy (or gamey) can pertain to bravery or spirit, but it more usually applies to the smell of game animals or to an unpleasant smell in general, and it can mean â€Å"corrupt,† â€Å"salacious,† or â€Å"scandalous.† To gamble is to play a game or engage in an activity in a game of chance, to bet, or to take a chance. A gamble is an act of taking a risk, or something risky, or the act of playing a game of chance; gaming also applies in the last sense. One who gambles is a gambler, and the activity of doing so is called gambling. A gambling house, also known as a gaming house, is a place where gambling, legal or otherwise, takes place. (Such a location is also sometimes referred to as a gambling den or, from the notion of the addictive allure of gambling, a gambling hell.) A gaming room, meanwhile, is a room used for such purposes, and a gaming table is a piece of furniture, often customized to accommodate game equipment and game play, at which gamblers stand or sit to engage in gambling; a gambling device is a mechanism, such as slot machine, that facilitates gambling. Gambit (â€Å"tactical move† or â€Å"topic†) and gambol (â€Å"frolic†) are unrelated, as is the sense of game meaning â€Å"lame,† as in the phrase â€Å"a game leg.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?15 Great Word Games20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays

Regional Attitudes and American Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regional Attitudes and American Identity - Essay Example My friend explained that the Philippine culture is very rich in diversity due to both history and geography. Historically, he explained that the Philippine people are actually composed of ethnicities from different foreign cultures that migrated centuries ago. The immigrants were mostly Malay and Muslim from the surrounding neighbor islands, while later years would bring the Chinese, then the Spanish, and then the North Americans. Geographically, the various mountain ranges and islands act as cultural borders, giving each separated region its own cultural development. My friend is from the capital city of Manila, which he believes is a place where the old face of his home country is being overlapped heavily by the new trends of globalization. He gives high regard to the old ways that place value on virtues, which are close to Western ideas of chivalry and a mix of the Oriental notion of filial respect. However, he also believes that the new ways of thinking are important if his country is to progress and to keep the pace of development without slacking. From how I understand it, this creates conflict between the two cultural perspectives that try to control the cultural plane. Scott and Sherson (1999) indicated that, â€Å"the problem for intercultural communication is that communication is never between cultures per se, but always between people. And people, and the contexts in which they interact, are unique, dynamic, and changeable† (p.4). My friend finds an example of such conflict between him and his mother. He stated that his mother is so attached to the old cultural ways that her methods of dealing with matters are ineffective and inefficient. On the other hand, he notes that his forward thinking and practical methods is taken as an upfront resistance or seen as disrespect to his mother’s sense of authority. According to him, such intercultural conflict exists in his country within homes and even between regions, beliefs

Public and Private Finance in Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public and Private Finance in Property - Essay Example ncreased consumption levels, reduction in unemployment rate, increased exports, growth in corporate profits as well as increased foreign direct investments. The British government does not only depend on tax revenue to fund its budget but also other sources which include state owned organizations, privatizations, foreign direct investments, sale of assets. The British government own several corporations, which forms a commendable source of revenue to the government in form of profits. For instance, the UK government own the postal service company- Royal mail, train-operating company-East Coast, and education holding company- BPP Holdings. The British government has been involved in a number of privatizations whereby the government relieve its ownership and interest in parastatal to private investors. An example of such privatization includes that of the British rail in 1993. British government is major player in local business and this is evident through participation in sovereign we alth funds. The UK government own motorways, harbours, airport terminus and sewer lines that forms an important source of revenue to the government when members of the public use these infrastructure. The government has also in a number of occasions disposed off its assets to get additional revenue in order to fund its operations. Government Expenditure The UK government has been experiencing a number of challenges with its expenditure patters for a long period. It is quite unfortunate that the UK government’s total expenditure for its fiscal years have always surpassed its revenue (Parliament, 2012). This trend has remained like this for a considerable period. The government has been forced in most cases to borrow surplus funds from the public in order to meet its expenditure need.... The British government does not only depend on tax revenue to fund its budget but also other sources which include state owned organizations, privatizations, foreign direct investments, sale of assets. The British government own several corporations, which forms a commendable source of revenue to the government in form of profits. For instance, the UK government own the postal service company- Royal mail, train-operating company-East Coast, and education holding company- BPP Holdings. The British government has been involved in a number of privatizations whereby the government relieve its ownership and interest in parastatal to private investors. An example of such privatization includes that of the British rail in 1993. British government is major player in local business and this is evident through participation in sovereign wealth funds. The UK government own motorways, harbours, airport terminus and sewer lines that forms an important source of revenue to the government when memb ers of the public use these infrastructure. The government has also in a number of occasions disposed off its assets to get additional revenue in order to fund its operations. The UK government has been experiencing a number of challenges with its expenditure patters for a long period. It is quite unfortunate that the UK government’s total expenditure for its fiscal years have always surpassed its revenue (Parliament, 2012). The government has been forced in most cases to borrow surplus funds from the public in order to meet its expenditure need.

Reflective essay: Stroke patient

Reflective essay: Stroke patient ASSIGNMENT FROM MOTHER NA A Reflective Essay on significant patient care event within a multidisciplinary setting. This will be a reflective analysis on a significant event that I have observed and experienced in clinical placements. A reflective model was not used, as it was too restrictive for the event being analysed, critiqued and discussed. My focus on this assignment is on assessment on a stroke patient and prevention of pressure ulcers. This was my first experience to nurse a stroke patient and therefore was very interested to know about the disease and how to make an assessment on patients in this situation. All details that could identify any person, clinical placement or trust have been changed to protect confidentiality, in line with The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Professional Conduct, Performance and Ethics (2008). Reflection is an active process of witnessing one’s own experience so that we can make an evaluation in order to make a decision. Reflection has its foundations in the discipline off learning and experience in a student (Jasper 2003).Jasper (2003) believes that we learn by doing, and realising what came of what we did. There are so many models of reflection however, these are not meant to use for an inflexible set of questions to be answered but to give a construction on how to go about a problem. While on placement I worked with one of the qualified staff on the ward and looked after a lady aged 84 years. Doris had suffered a stroke which developed to impaired swallowing and speech. She was admitted to the ward due to having an ischemic stroke. A stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading to and within the brain and categorised as ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke. This occurs when the blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either blocked or burst. This results in the brain not getting the oxygen and nutrients that it needs and eventually starts to die (Feigin et al 2003). Because of this patients have a propensity to develop swallowing impairment or speech impairment. Ischemic stroke take place as a result of an impediment within a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain. The original circumstances for this type of obstruction are the development of fatty deposits lining the vessel walls. This condition is called atherosclerosis (Lopez et a l 2006). These fatty deposits can cause two types of obstruction that is cerebral thrombosis or cerebral embolism. In the case of an embolism, a clot breaks loose and enters the blood stream and eventually fails to pass when it reaches smaller brain capillaries. Irregular heartbeats known as atrial fibrillation is another cause for embolism which is likely to form a clot in the heart and later dislodge and travel to the brain (Feigin et al 2003). The National Audit office (2005) report shows that 130,000 of United Kingdom population suffer a Transient ischemic attack (TIA) every year, of which half of the figure the stroke occurs in the people aged above 75yrs, however stroke do happen in all ages (Kwan 2001). Saka et al (2009) explains that the UK economy has to account for  £9 billion per year to cover the costs of stroke related diseases including its management and therefore causing a burden on the economy. Because of the muscle weakness due to a stroke, there’s loose o f control on the bladder sphincter causing incontinence. In addition statistics show that 63% of the population who are hospitalised develop pressure sores over the last 10 years. The figure includes the elderly and patients who have suffered a stroke. Communication was another issue; Doris could not communicate well due to the dysphasia which developed after the stroke and sadly no one in the family or friend had escorted Doris to hospital for health care staff to obtain her past history on admission. Taking a medical history is good practice as it allows health care staff to apply effective assessment which will meet the patient’s needs. It is through effective communication that effective assessment will be implemented. There are other approaches in communication, for example The â€Å"VERA† framework (validation, Emotion, reassure and activity) suggested in a study that it enabled student nurses to counter to elderly patients whose communication and behaviour proved to be difficult. These frameworks give choices to healthcare staff a set of principles to guide them with communication while providing any medical intervention. Childs, Coles and Marjoram (2009) state that the inability to communicate to others cause anxiety and fear. While Happ (2000 cited in Childs et al 2009) think that people who are unable to talk or communicate are â€Å"voiceless† and therefore it increase powerless and isolation in patients. Buckman (2000) emphasised that ‘ effective symptom management is imporsible without effective communication’. . Assessment is a process that involves collecting and organising information and acknowledged as an on-going process associated with the other nursing stages of the nursing process (Thomson and Mathias 2000). Brooker and Waugh (2007) state that decision making and judgement is usually based on information collected. The data is then used to identify the patients nursing problems on the base of need, which hopefully is brought out or recognised assessment (Thompson and Mathias 2000). Timby (2001) identifies two types of assessment a data base assessment and a focus assessment. The data assessment is the initial information about the patients physical, emotional, social and spiritual health, is lengthily and comprehensive. Database information is obtained during the admission interview and on carrying out physical examination. Field and Smith (2008) demonstrate the importance of person-centred assessment and also the need of multi-agency involvement. An observation was made that all t hese areas were met. Although each discipline had achieved assessment in a different way, they are valued for the assessment they will contribute to patient care. Brooker and Waugh (2007) feel that including integrated care pathways in patients care plan is good. This is a single document of which all the multidisciplinary team are able to record their care. To achieve good patient assessment, there is need to collect information from the past medical history and this will allow care to flow with one another. During the ward round a consultant had suggested that an indwelling catheter was to be inserted for easy flow of urine and to prevent the development of pressure sores. It was when the nurse advised that the catheterisation was to be done after all other works has been done on the ward because she had to carry out an aseptic procedure. Whilst on other placement this observation was not done instead catheterisation was carried out as a clean procedure. This prompted me to question, should all health care settings observe catheterisation as an aseptic technique procedure and when do health care staff identify the need of inserting a catheter. This issue has been brought to light by numerous guidelines and theories that have been published relating to and concerning infection control by the Department of Health. Although it is clear that Doris was vulnerable and likely to develop pressure ulcers, was it really necessary to insert a catheter? All parts of the multidisciplinary team carin g for the patients need to have an understanding of each other’s role, to achieve effective care through collaboration and decision making, but some nurses feel disempowered by more senior staff, for example; doctors; consultants, due to intimidation and hierarchy of roles and so can affect the influence nurses have on the decision making process (Coombs 2003). Nurses may come into conflict when collaboratively making decisions with the multidisciplinary team and patients as their personal and professional values may vary. A study suggests that catheter insertion has a potential off introducing micro-organisms into the bladder (Barford and Coates, 2009). In another study, Pratt et al, (2007) mentions that catheterization should be treated as a skilled aseptic procedure to be carried out by trained and qualified staff in order to reduce infection. Health associated infections are acquired while patients are receiving treatment in a care setting and can prolong hospital stay. These infections include any infection obtained as a result of healthcare whilst in hospital or other healthcare settings and can have an effect on both patients and all aspects of the multidisciplinary team, in addition teamwork means everyone has to be involved in the patient care (Nicholson et al 2010). . The Department of health (2006c) released a broad document which includes the generated acute hospital waste and the community practitioners. What is not known is whether the patient acquired the infection in hospital or not. T he patients’ age matters as infection risk increase in the elderly and young people. Patients whose nutritional status as in the case of Doris affects the ability of the body to fight infection and therefore a broad risk assessment is required (Horton and Parker 2002). Grandies et al., (2003 cited in Field and Smith2008) clarifies that in any assessment, the age, nutrition status, circulatory status, mobility, dependence level and mental awareness are to be taken into account. Patients need to be critically assessed for possibilities of developing pressure sores as the cost is huge to both the organisation looking after the patient and the patient herself. Health care staff needs to identify the existing risk factors already presenting on the patient which may lead to developing pressure sores. Iggulden et al (2009) describes pressure sores as damage to the skin and the underlying tissues caused by shearing, friction and moisture while Bick and Stephen in another study say that physical, and psychological well being including the environment is a factor causing pressure Sores. Mallet and Dougherty (2004) add on to mention that the extent of these ulcers if not properly treated may lead to damage of the involving muscles, tendons and the bone. Skin integrity is important in this situation. Due to illness arterial blood pressure may drop causing obstruction of circulation to the skin and therefore an ulcer will develop. It is clear that Doris was vulnerable and likely to develop pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are developed when patients sit or lie in one position for a long time. â€Å"The essence of care toolkit for clinical practice benchmarking has pressure ulcer prevention (department of health 2003). The water low score and Braden (cited in Bergstrom et al 1987) are good toolkits for assessing patients at the risk of pressure sores. However the NICE (2005) guide line instructs nurses not to rely on them alone. Doris’ water low score indicated she was at a risk of developing pressure sores. This was because her mobility and nutrition status were affected after the stroke. There is evidence in study that females are more vulnerable to pressure sores that male. This is because anatomically males are more muscular than females. It is the nurse’s responsibility to ensure patients receive optimal nutrition and good hydration while in hospital. In another study statistics show that 63 % of elderly patients with stroke develop pressure sores due to poor mobility and nutrition in the last 10 years. Doris was at higher risk to develop as she typically lost muscle and subcutaneous tissue due to poor nutrition following her difficulties to swallow, poor nutritional status also makes her more vulnerable. Ongoing assessment at this time is crucial as it will trigger on all the possible barriers of poor nutrition and hydration on patients who require help in feeding and drinking (NHS Choices2010). Nutrition and hydration are important in health but in illness there are certain considerations that have to look into because the body needs nutrients in order to recover mostly in wound healing including preventing infections (Royal collage of Nursing (RCN) 2009). The RCN (2009) clarifies that poor nutrition and hydration is a threat to patients who have suffered stroke as this may cause delayed discharge and other complications like low blood pressure and electrolyte imbalan ce which are likely to cause poor circulation and allow a patient to develop pressure sores. Nutrition and good hydration is fundamental in nursing to promote quick recovery and wound healing. However there are patient’s factor which may affect their nutrition and hydration such as stroke which possibly will reduce their independence to eat freely. According to (Green 2011) by improving patients nutrition and dehydration the patients skin and well being will be promoted and this can be achieved through delegation to healthcare assistants to help with feeding at meal times with nurses ensuring proper meals have been given to patients’ e.g. soft meal, puree, low fat or residue meal which are required for patients with dysphasia or digestive problems in line to prevent pressure sores. All patients are prone to develop pressure sores but the emphasis is on the elderly because basic factors are related to immobility, age and illness .Pressure ulcers are preventable if proper nursing measures are carried out. NICE (2001) guidelines state that all patients likely to develop pressure sores are to be on a pressure relive mattress while in hospital. Therefore a decision was made that Doris needed a pressure relief airflow mattress as her score was high. Evidence based practice is essential in nursing, it has the potential to develop and increase patient care outcomes as it will enable nurses to evaluate and deliver care according to patients needs. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) advocate that nurses should make care of people their first concern. Therefore a broad medical history taking form the patient becomes essential so that an accurate diagnosis can be made for the patient to receive optimal care and treatment (Kale 2001). Nurses have a propensity of commu nicating with patients during intimate intervention and it’s during this time that individuals are likely to speak freely which is why Doris’s mode of communication has to be identified through the speech and language team in order to support her. The need for nurses to know their patients better and understand their problems and specific needs becomes fundamental. Nurses may come into conflict when collaboratively making decisions with the multidisciplinary team and patients as their personal and professional values may vary if proper history was not taken. Lloyd and Craig (2007) suggest that although history taking is the cornerstone of assessment in patients, nurses are sometimes not at ease with taking patients history. History taking is not focused on identifying patients’ signs and symptoms of the illness but to involve the whole person in a holistic way which will help the health care staff to plan and evaluate patients’ care (Department of Health 2001). There is need for nurses to develop their history taking skills as this will allow them to acknowledge social, medical psychological and biographical domains of the patient. Fischer (1995) feels that doctors â€Å"make a history â€Å"instead of â€Å"take history† this process becomes complete when both patient and doctor are both satisfied on the causative problem. However Gask and Usher wood (2002) in the article emphasises that successful history taking is based on skilled and patient -centred communication that a therapeutic relationship will begin betw een nurse and patient. It is through this therapeutic relationship between the patient and the nurse that they will work together to make a collaborative decision and address the problem. Therefore health care staff must act as a patient advocate to protect and respect their dignity. Palliative care is in any illness which is progressive and incurable, therefore there is need for the multidisciplinary team to work together and provide a high- quality end of life stroke care. Although there is evidence that Doris is likely to develop pressure sores catheterisation could not be a solution at this point. The department of health (2003) aim to reduce the risks of health associated infection and indwelling catheters are among the common cause of invasive medical devices used in health care settings and, consequently, are a frequent cause of Health Care Associated Infections. Other than affecting patients, HCAI is also having negative burden on the National Health Service (NHS). Patients like Doris are more prone to infection due to that the body mechanism to fight infection is already compromised. Catheter acquire infection can be very distressful to patients and prolong hospital stay. The possibility of Doris going into palliative care is obvious and therefore there is need to plan for it in her care plan or discharge plan. In this reflection it is noticed on admission that Doris is alone. Loneliness has an impact on elderly people. In a campaign to end loneliness research shows that many people have no peers or friends. It is through the general practitioners and district nurses that support to these people can be offered, all decisions made in the multidisciplinary context have to involve the patients’ family (NHSQIS and the University of Glasgow 2010). All parts of the multidisciplinary team caring for the patients need to have an understanding of each other’s role, in order to make a collaborative decision. In conclusion, while reflecting and making recommendations for different ways of approach on situation in practice, holistic assessment followed by full history taking to allow care to flow should be a priority followed by improving nutrition and hydration in very ill patients. Cauterisation could be a last option in order to prevent pressure sores as there other options to do this. The risks that patients who are immune compromise may be exposed to other infections and how it can be avoided needs to be addressed and it is a constant effort, but is fundamental by all areas of the multidisciplinary team, organisations to reduce rates of infection more and to continue at a lower rate. To improve patient safety and continuum care it is necessary for health care professionals to reflect on nutrition and hydration status of the patient to promote good skin integrity and prevent pressure sores. For reflection to occur, health care professionals need to be aware of the implications that pre ssure sores can have on patients and the importance of education from policies and to comply with relevant procedures.

The Organizational Structure

For one to comprehend the role of a project manager they must first understand the Organizational structure (pecking order) of the general contracting firm. A flow chart, has beenprovided as a representative example of a company whose size and annual dollar volumecontrols the employment structure and position of the project manager in their role. To controlthe operation of support staff required for general administration of the business, and with the growing demand to service the field operation, the head of the company needs to exercise overall management with the freedom from the direct demands of project operations. To accomplish this the head employs the project manager, the overseer of the project, to organize and implement project continuity. Under the direct control of the project manager is the project superintendent, project engineer, administrative assistant and accounting clerk, with increased or decreased staffing for larger or smaller projects (or when significant time constraints exist). Also working for the project manager, reporting directly to the superintendent are trades foreman and subcontractor field ersonnel. This grouping of workers perform the specific and specialty trade work for the project. The project manager has the dubious task of overseeing the subcontracts and the scope of work for each trade of a particular project. This rounds off the field reporting element of the The office related responsibilities add another tier of responsibility for the project manager to manage. Each of these employees share the responsibility of reporting information ccurately and as the project manager formats. The administrative assistant provides the clerical support and assistantship needed to maintain the many meeting minutes and logs with the project manager who is solely dependent upon for success. Where the project manager is the primary cost manager for their respective projects, the financial support needed by the project manager in payment to subcontractors and suppliers keeps the project moving smoothly. Accurate record keeping helps the project manager to project reasonably accurate profit margin The project manager also has responsibilities to control the processes that support the construction such as purchasing, receiving and warehousing of the project materials to be incorporated into the project. This function, may become the responsibility of the project superintendent for the successful purchase of the materials. Under each scenario, the project manager retains the responsibility for inventory and product controls

Cultural Encounters Cultural Encounter, Anthropology And...

Culture encounters â€Å"Art simply consists of Different points of view† Cultural Encounters focuses on the study of cultural identities interpreting human social costumes, religious practices and symbolic objects of arts such as, statues, masks and bronze plaques as essential part of the human cultural identity. {1}Ethnography is a method of Anthropology which is â€Å"a branch of natural sciences concerned with the study of mankind through a close analysis of human society and through comparison between cultures over time†. cultural encounters can take the shape of clashes or at least opposition between groups in one society, but it have often taken the form of war or conquest and submission as the British conquest of Benin (1897) or as diplomacy and trade, organized exchange of ideas, politics, goods and commodities i.e. the Portuguese trade agreement with Benin in the fifteenth century. the relationship between cultural encounter, Anthropology and art, explores not only how art cont ributed in encounters between Africa and Europe, but more how the study of encounters brings into question the vary in the use and category of art between two different cultures such as, Benin vs. Portuguese then Benin against European. Benin, a kingdom in west Africa which was home to a simple and unique tradition of sculpture, the materials used in Benin’s arts - primarily ivory, brass and coral. Ivory is associated mainly with figures of the Oba because the material is so hard and whiteShow MoreRelated Benin Art in Museums and Galleries Essay1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe display of Benin art in museum and galleries reflect the attitudes and perceptions of Europeans towards non-western artefacts, especially African. Thus as European attitudes change towards non-western art since the discovery of Benin art in 1897, Benin art has been revaluated and re-categorised. Initially there was a great deal of debate about Benin art and its display, as it did not equate with the perceptions then held about Africa. 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Art Art can be defined as the production, expression, or elaboration of an act, such as dance, or a thing, such as a shield or house, beyond the strict utilitarian demands. (Heider, 2007, p 441). Art provides an array of information, not only about the creator but also the culture from which the artist comes from. As the text states, art has various meanings, however, the most significant element of art is that it symbolizes a distinct cultural identity.(Heider, 2007, pRead MoreReflection Paper : Multicultural Counseling And Psychology1256 Words   |  6 PagesGetting my new text and being filled with curiosity is always a great feeling prior to starting a class; Cultural Anthropology, such a foreign topic, so I thought. Once I began to read the first few chapters of the book I began to recognize words and details that I have previously been introduced too. Thinking back to when and what classes I have had the same experience, I recall Multicultural Counseling and Psychology. 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Inovations in Art, Technology and Culture In the Neolithic, the importance of cultural adaptation and the development of conceptual thought can be seen in symbolic artifacts and signs of ritual activity throughout the world. (Haviland et al 2011: 241) Trade increased and many settlements became wealthy. These wealthy communities could support some people as artists and priests. Catal Hyuk is an example of astounding neolithic art, much of which adorns religion shrines

Abortion Essay - 600 Words

According to Webster’s dictionary, abortion is the termination of pregnancy after, accompanied by resulting in, or closely followed by death of the embryo or fetus. I believe that abortion should be illegal. Our world today is full of unsolved, devising and controversial issues. Most of them relate to our morals, ethics, and religion, thus creating a very strong ‘Yes’ and ‘No’. If you were to come to any kind of conclusion on abortion, there would still be a downside to it, and that is primarily why the world cannot agree on this sensitive and emotional issue. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Make no mistake-that from the moment of conception, a new human life has been created. Only those who allow their emotional passion to override their†¦show more content†¦If you really feel that you are not ready to be a parent then you could at least give the baby up for adoption, and make the baby’s life and the family adopting the baby life a lot happier. There are many other options out there people just have to open their eyes and consider them, instead of killing. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is another bad side of getting an abortion. Doctors usually say that there are few to none complication after an abortion but that’s not true. According to the Wyn report with statistics from twelve different countries, women who have had a pervious induced abortion have their ability to bear children in the future permanently impaired. There is also an increase in infertility, the chances of having a pregnancy in the tube increases, and premature deliver increases. Abortion also causes emotional problems or changes. I quote Ft. John L. Grady, medical examiner for Florida State Attorneys office,† I believe it can be stated with certainty that abortion causes more deep-seated guilt, depression and mental illness than it ever cures†. Another idea we have to realize as human beings is if we kill babies with confidential defects before they are born, why not after birth, why not any human being we declare defective? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In conclusion, abortion is wrong. I believe very strongly that abortion should be illegal. â€Å"Thy shall not kill† is what the Bible says, so why are so many people sinning? If it’s not right to killShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce