Organization and Management - 1109 Words

Why did SNOP fall out of favor with the healthcare field? SNOP is the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology. Published by the American College of Pathologists, it has been â€Å"useful in classifying pathological specimens† (McWay, 2008). Although SNOP was commonly used in pathology departments, it has gradually lost favor because focus was placed on standardized nomenclatures by accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). 2. What are the four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs? The four approaches taken by HIM professionals to address the complexities brought on by the introduction of PPS and DRGs are the use of encoders, the use of new resources†¦show more content†¦T cover diseases, diagnoses, findings, operations, treatments, drugs, administrative items, etc., and can be used to support recording and reporting a patients care at varying levels of detail, whether on paper or, increasingly, via electronic medical record (EMC). A large number of coding and classification systems have been developed for healthcare. Many standards have been proposed but widespread spread adoption has been slow. Current standards tend to compete. Many classifications overlap. Historically, vocabulary and classification systems have been designed to meet different and specific goals. Many codes have been designed mainly to support administration (e.g. billing) so have typically included only a limited number of diagnosis code for each encounter. Widely-used, but essentially administration-oriented system, such as ICD, have been mandated by government agencies and /or payor organizations but capture clinical data at an insufficient level of detail to support clinical needs that lie outside the limited range of activities they were designed to support. Coding systems can lose clinical information. It can be difficult to compare clinical coding systems. Interoperability is a significant problem. Content, structure, completeness, detail, cross-mapping, taxonomy, definitions, clarity vary between existing vocabularies. -Why did SNOP fall out of favor with the healthcare field? SNOP, the Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology was publishedShow MoreRelatedOrganization And Management : Organization1742 Words   |  7 Pages Organisation and Management [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name]â€Æ' Organisation and Management 1. 1.1 The concept of â€Å"leadership by example† means to have a leader who does the exact thing that he is asking his employees to do. For instance, if a manager is asking his employees to leave by 5 pm for the day, then the manager should himself leave by 5 pm as well. If he stays back to get more work done, he would eventually make his employees feel guilty which might result in them staying lateRead MoreManagement for Organization1603 Words   |  7 Pages MGT330: Management for Organizations Kyle Kontour May 18, 2015 Final Paper The five management functions are used in all organizations, which are planning, organizing, staffing, leading and control. 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Whenever any organization decides to make anyRead MoreManagement Organization1074 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Organization In any business, leadership management’s responsibility is to provide a safe and comfortable working environment, using appropriate communication skills, operating with the highest possible ethical standards, being fair, provide compensation to the employees increasing motivation for the employees to work at his or her fullest potential. This paper will discuss Enron, and the business failure that occurred. At one time, Enron was one of the largest energy providers in AmericaRead MoreOrganizations And Project Management Organizations955 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizations and Project Management Organizations use governance to establish strategic direction and performance parameters. The strategic direction provides the purpose, expectations, goals, and actions necessary to guide business pursuit and is aligned with business objectives. 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Frostbite Chapter 14 Free Essays

string(70) " taken back to when I too had experienced that same kind of euphoria\." FOURTEEN TWO GUYS I’D NEVER MET before were squaring off against each other. They looked to be in their twenties, and neither noticed me. The one who’d bumped into me shoved the other one hard, forcing him to stagger back considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on Frostbite Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"You’re afraid!† yelled the guy by me. He had on green swimming trunks, and his black hair was slicked back with water. â€Å"You’re all afraid. You just want to hole up in your mansions and let the guardians do your dirty work. What are you going to do when they’re all dead? Who’ll protect you then?† The other guy wiped the blood off his face with the back of his hand. I suddenly recognized him- thanks to his blond highlights. He was the royal who’d yelled at Tasha about wanting to lead Moroi to battle. She’d called him Andrew. He tried to land a hit and failed; his technique was all wrong. â€Å"This is the safest way. Listen to that Strigoi-lover, and we’ll all be dead. She’s trying to kill our whole race off!† â€Å"She’s trying to save us!† â€Å"She’s trying to get us to use black magic!† The â€Å"Strigoi-lover† had to be Tasha. The non-royal guy was the first person outside of my little circle whom I’d ever heard speak in her favor. I wondered how many others out there shared his view. He punched Andrew again, and my base instincts- or maybe the punch- made me leap into action. I sprang forward and wedged myself between them. I was still dizzy and a bit unsteady. If they hadn’t been standing so close, I probably would have fallen over. They both hesitated, clearly caught off guard. â€Å"Get out of here,† snapped Andrew. Being male and Moroi, they had greater height and weight than I, but I was probably stronger than either one alone. Hoping I could make the most of that, I grabbed each of them by the arm, pulled them toward me, and then shoved them away as hard as I could. They staggered, not having expected my strength. I staggered a little too. The non-royal glared and took a step toward me. I was counting on the fact that he’d be old-fashioned and not hit a girl. â€Å"What are you doing?† he exclaimed. Several people had gathered and were watching excitedly. I returned his glare. â€Å"I’m trying to stop you guys from being any more idiotic than you already are! You want to help? Stop fighting each other! Ripping each other’s heads off isn’t going to save the Moroi unless you’re trying to thin stupidity out of the gene pool.† I pointed at Andrew. â€Å"Tasha Ozera is not trying to kill everyone off. She’s trying to get you to stop being a victim.† I turned to the other guy. â€Å"And as for you, you’ve got a long ways to go if you think this is the way to get your point across. Magic- especially offensive magic- takes a lot of self-control, and so far, you aren’t impressing me with yours. I have more than you do, and if you knew me at all, you’d know how crazy that is.† The two guys stared at me, stunned. I was apparently more effective than a taser. Well, at least for several seconds I was. Because once the shock of my words wore off, they went at each other again. I got caught in the crossfire and shoved away, nearly falling in the process. Suddenly, from behind me, Mason came to my defense. He punched the first guy he could- the non-royal. The guy flew backward, falling into one of the pools with a splash. I yelped, remembering my earlier fear about skull-cracking, but a moment later, he found his feet and rubbed water out of his eyes. I grabbed Mason’s arm, trying to hold him back, but he shrugged me off and went after Andrew. He shoved Andrew hard, pushing him into several Moroi- andrew’s friends, I suspected- who seemed to be trying to break up the fight. The guy in the pool climbed out, fury written all over his face, and made moves toward Andrew. This time, both Mason and I blocked his way. He glared at all of us. â€Å"Don’t,† I warned him. The guy clenched his fists and looked as though he might try to take us on. But we were intimidating, and he didn’t appear to have an entourage of friends here like Andrew- who was shouting obscenities and being led away- did. With a few muttered threats, the non-royal backed off. As soon as he was gone, I turned on Mason. â€Å"Are you out of your mind?† â€Å"Huh?† he asked. â€Å"Jumping into the middle of that!† â€Å"You jumped in too,† he said. I started to argue, then realized he was right. â€Å"It’s different,† I grumbled. He leaned forward. â€Å"Are you drunk?† â€Å"No. Of course not. I’m just trying to keep you from doing something stupid. Just because you have delusions of being able to kill a Strigoi doesn’t mean you have to take it out on everyone else.† â€Å"Delusions?† he asked stiffly. I started to feel kind of nauseous just then. My head spinning, I continued toward the side room, hoping I didn’t stumble. But when I reached it, I saw that it wasn’t some kind of dessert or drink room after all. Well, at least not in the way I’d been thinking. It was a feeder room. Several humans reclined on satin-covered chaise lounges with Moroi by their sides. Jasmine incense burned in the air. Stunned, I watched with an eerie fascination as a blond Moroi guy leaned forward and bit into the neck of a very pretty redhead. All of these feeders were exceptionally good-looking, I realized just then. Like actresses or models. Only the best for royalty. The guy drank long and deep, and the girl closed her eyes and parted her lips, an expression of pure bliss on her face as Moroi endorphins flooded into her bloodstream. I shivered, taken back to when I too had experienced that same kind of euphoria. You read "Frostbite Chapter 14" in category "Essay examples" In my alcohol-hazed mind, the whole thing suddenly seemed startlingly erotic. In fact, I almost felt intrusive- like I was watching people have sex. When the Moroi finished and licked the last of the blood away, he brushed his lips against her cheek in a soft kiss. â€Å"Want to volunteer?† Light fingertips brushed my neck, and I jumped. I turned around and saw Adrian’s green eyes and knowing smirk. â€Å"Don’t do that,† I told him, knocking his hand away. â€Å"Then what are you doing in here?† he asked. I gestured around me. â€Å"I’m lost.† He peered at me. â€Å"Are you drunk?† â€Å"No. Of course not†¦but †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The nausea had settled a little, but I still didn’t feel right. â€Å"I think I should sit down.† He took my arm. â€Å"Well, don’t do it in here. Someone might get the wrong idea. Let’s go somewhere quiet.† He steered me off into a different room, and I looked around with interest. It was a massage area. Several Moroi lay back on tables and were getting back and foot massages from hotel staff. The oil they used smelled like rosemary and lavender. Under any other circumstances, a massage would have sounded great, but lying on my stomach seemed like the worst idea just now. I sat down on the carpeted floor, leaning back against the wall. Adrian walked away and returned with a glass of water. Sitting down as well, he handed it to me. â€Å"Drink this. It’ll help.† â€Å"I told you, I’m not drunk,† I mumbled. But I downed the water anyway. â€Å"Uh-huh.† He smiled at me. â€Å"You did nice work with that fight. Who was the other guy that helped you?† â€Å"My boyfriend,† I said. â€Å"Sort of.† â€Å"Mia was right. You do have a lot of guys in your life.† â€Å"It’s not like that.† â€Å"Okay.† He was still smiling. â€Å"Where’s Vasilisa? I figured she’d be attached to you.† â€Å"She’s with her boyfriend.† I studied him. â€Å"What’s with the tone? Jealous? You want him for yourself?† â€Å"God, no. I just don’t like him.† â€Å"Does he treat her badly?† he asked. â€Å"No,† I admitted. â€Å"He adores her. He’s just kind of a jerk.† Adrian was clearly enjoying this. â€Å"Ah, you are jealous. Does she spend more time with him than you?† I ignored that. â€Å"Why do you keep asking about her? Are you interested in her?† He laughed. â€Å"Rest easy, I’m not interested in her in the same way I am you.† â€Å"But you are interested.† â€Å"I just want to talk to her.† He left to fetch me more water. â€Å"Feeling better?† he asked, handing the glass to me. It was crystal and intricately carved. It seemed too fancy for plain water. â€Å"Yeah †¦ I didn’t think those drinks were that strong.† â€Å"That’s the beauty of them,† he chuckled. â€Å"And speaking of beauty †¦ that’s a great color on you.† I shifted. I might not have been showing as much skin as those other girls, but I was showing more than I really wanted to with Adrian. Or was I? There was something weird about him. His arrogant manner annoyed me†¦but I still liked being around him. Maybe the smartass in me recognized a kindred spirit. Somewhere in the back of my drunken mind, a light clicked on. But I couldn’t quite get to it. I drank more water. â€Å"You haven’t had a cigarette in, like, ten minutes,† I pointed out, wanting to change the subject. He made a face. â€Å"No smoking in here.† â€Å"I’m sure you’ve made up for it in punch.† His smile returned. â€Å"Well, some of us can hold our liquor. You aren’t going to be sick, are you?† I still felt tipsy but no longer nauseous. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Good.† I thought back to when I’d dreamed about him. It had been just a dream, but it had stuck with me, particularly the talk about me being surrounded in darkness. I wanted to ask him about it†¦ even though I knew it was stupid. It had been my dream, not his. â€Å"Adrian†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He turned his green eyes on me. â€Å"Yes, darling?† I couldn’t bring myself to ask. â€Å"Never mind.† He started to retort, then tilted his head toward the door. â€Å"Ah, here she comes.† â€Å"Who- â€Å" Lissa stepped into the room, eyes scanning around. When she spotted us, I saw relief break over her. I couldn’t feel it, though. Intoxicants like alcohol numbed the bond. It was another reason I shouldn’t have taken such a stupid chance tonight. â€Å"There you are,† she said, kneeling beside me. Glancing at Adrian, she gave him a nod. â€Å"Hey.† â€Å"Hey yourself, cousin,† he returned, using the family terms royals sometimes used around each other. â€Å"You okay?† Lissa asked me. â€Å"When I saw how drunk you were, I thought you might have fallen in somewhere and drowned.† â€Å"I’m not- † I gave up trying to deny it. â€Å"I’m fine.† Adrian’s usual expression had turned serious as he studied Lissa. It again reminded me of the dream. â€Å"How’d you find her?† Lissa gave him a puzzled look. â€Å"I, um, checked all the rooms.† â€Å"Oh.† He looked disappointed. â€Å"I thought you might have used your bond.† Both she and I stared. â€Å"How do you know about that?† I demanded. Only a few people at school knew about it. Adrian had spoken about it as casually as he might have my hair color. â€Å"Hey, I can’t reveal all my secrets, can I?† he asked mysteriously. â€Å"And besides, there’s a certain way you two act around each other †¦ it’s hard to explain. It’s pretty cool†¦ all the old myths are true.† Lissa regarded him warily. â€Å"The bond only works one way. Rose can sense what I’m feeling and thinking, but I can’t do it back to her.† â€Å"Ah.† We sat in silence a few moments, and I drank more water. Adrian spoke again. â€Å"What’d you specialize in anyway, cousin?† She looked embarrassed. We both knew it was important to keep her spirit powers secret from others who might abuse her healing, but her cover story of not having specialized always bothered her. â€Å"I haven’t,† she said. â€Å"Do they think you’re going to? Late bloomer?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"You’re probably higher in the other elements, though, right? Just not strong enough to really master any?† He reached out to pat her shoulder in an exaggerated show of comfort. â€Å"Yeah, how’d you- â€Å" The instant his fingers touched her, she gasped. It was as though a bolt of lightning had struck her. The strangest look crossed her face. Even drunk, I felt the flood of joy that came pouring through the bond. She stared at Adrian in wonder. His eyes were locked onto hers too. I didn’t understand why they were looking at each other like that, but it bothered me. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"Stop that. I told you, she has a boyfriend.† â€Å"I know,† he said, still watching her. A small smile turned his lips. â€Å"We need to have a chat someday, cousin.† â€Å"Yes,† she agreed. â€Å"Hey.† I was more confused than ever. â€Å"You have a boyfriend. And there he is.† She blinked back to reality. All three of us turned toward the doorway. Christian and the others stood there. I suddenly had a flashback to when they’d found me with Adrian’s arm around me. This wasn’t much better. Lissa and I were sitting on either side of him, very close. She sprang up, looking mildly guilty. Christian was regarding her curiously. â€Å"We’re getting ready to leave,† he said. â€Å"Okay,† she told him. She looked down at me. â€Å"Ready?† I nodded and started to clamber to my feet. Adrian caught my arm as I did and helped me up. He smiled at Lissa. â€Å"Nice talking to you.† To me, he murmured very quietly, â€Å"Don’t worry. I told you, I’m not interested in her in that way. She doesn’t look as good in a bathing suit. Probably not as good out of one either.† I pulled my arm away. â€Å"Well, you’ll never find out.† â€Å"It’s okay,† he said. â€Å"I have a good imagination.† I joined the others, and we headed back toward the main part of the lodge. Mason gave me as strange a look as Christian had given Lissa and stayed away from me, walking toward the front with Eddie. To my surprise and discomfort, I found myself walking beside Mia. She looked miserable. â€Å"I†¦ I’m really sorry about what happened,† I said finally. â€Å"You don’t have to act like you care, Rose.† â€Å"No, no. I mean it. It’s horrible†¦I’m so sorry.† She wouldn’t look at me. â€Å"Is†¦that is, are you going to see your dad soon?† â€Å"Whenever they have the memorial,† she said stiffly. â€Å"Oh.† I didn’t know what else to say and gave up, instead turning my attention to the stairs as we climbed back up to the lodge’s main level. Unexpectedly, Mia was the one who continued the conversation. â€Å"I watched you break up that fight †¦Ã¢â‚¬  she said slowly. â€Å"You mentioned offensive magic. Like you knew about it.† Oh. Great. She was going to make a play at blackmail†¦or was she? At the moment, she seemed almost civil. â€Å"I was just guessing,† I said. No way was I going to bust Tasha and Christian. â€Å"I don’t really know that much. Just stories I’ve heard.† â€Å"Oh.† Her face fell. â€Å"What kind of stories?† â€Å"Um, well†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I tried to think of something neither too vague nor too specific. â€Å"Like I told those guys†¦the concentration thing is big. Because if you’re in a battle with Strigoi, all sorts of things can distract you. So you’ve got to keep control.† That was actually a basic guardian rule, but it must have been new to Mia. Her eyes widened with eagerness. â€Å"What else? What kind of spells do people use?† I shook my head. â€Å"I don’t know. I don’t really even know how spells work, and like I said, these are just†¦stories I’ve heard. My guess is you just find ways to use your element as a weapon. Like †¦ fire users really have an advantage because fire’ll kill Strigoi, so it’s easy for them. And air users can suffocate people.† I’d actually experienced that last one vicariously through Lissa. It had been horrible. Mia’s eyes grew wider still. â€Å"What about a water user?† she asked. â€Å"How could water hurt a Strigoi?† I paused. â€Å"I, uh, never heard any stories about water users. Sorry.† â€Å"Do you have any ideas, though? Ways that, like, someone like me could learn to fight?† Ah. So that’s what this was about. It actually wasn’t all that crazy. I remembered how excited she’d looked at the meeting when Tasha had talked about attacking Strigoi. Mia wanted to take revenge on the Strigoi for her mother’s death. No wonder she and Mason had been getting along so well. â€Å"Mia,† I said gently, catching hold of the door to let her pass. We were almost at the lobby now. â€Å"I know how you must want to †¦ do something. But I think you’re better off just sort of letting yourself, um, grieve.† She reddened, and suddenly, I was seeing the normal and angry Mia. â€Å"Don’t talk down to me,† she said. â€Å"Hey, I’m not. I’m serious. I’m just saying you shouldn’t do anything rash while you’re still upset. Besides †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I bit off my words. She narrowed her eyes. â€Å"What?† Screw it. She needed to know. â€Å"Well, I don’t really know what good a water user would be against a Strigoi. It’s probably the least useful element to use on one of them.† Outrage filled her features. â€Å"You’re a real bitch, you know that?† â€Å"I’m just telling you the truth.† â€Å"Well, let me tell you the truth. You’re a total idiot when it comes to guys.† I thought about Dimitri. She wasn’t entirely off base. â€Å"Mason’s great,† she continued. â€Å"One of the nicest guys I know- and you don’t even notice! He’d do anything for you, and you were off throwing yourself at Adrian Ivashkov.† Her words surprised me. Could Mia have a crush on Mason? And while I certainly hadn’t been throwing myself at Adrian, I could see how it might have looked that way. And even if it weren’t true, that wouldn’t have stopped Mason from feeling hurt and betrayed. â€Å"You’re right,† I said. Mia stared at me, so astonished I’d agreed with her that she didn’t say anything else for the rest of the walk. We reached the part of the lodge that split off into different wings for guys and girls. I grabbed a hold of Mason’s arm as the others walked off. â€Å"Hang on,† I told him. I badly needed to reassure him about Adrian, but a tiny part of me wondered if I was doing it because I actually wanted Mason or because I just liked the idea of him wanting me and selfishly didn’t want to lose that. He stopped and looked at me. His face was wary. â€Å"I wanted to tell you I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have yelled at you after the fight- I know you were just trying to help. And with Adrian†¦nothing happened. I mean it.† â€Å"It didn’t look that way,† Mason said. But the anger on his face had faded. â€Å"I know, but believe me, it’s all him. He’s got some kind of stupid crush on me.† My tone must have been convincing because Mason smiled. â€Å"Well. Hard not to.† â€Å"I’m not interested in him,† I continued. â€Å"Or anyone else.† It was a small lie, but I didn’t think it mattered just then. I was going to be over Dimitri soon, and Mia had been right about Mason. He was wonderful and sweet and cute. I would be an idiot not to pursue this †¦ right? My hand was still on his arm, and I pulled him toward me. He didn’t need much more of a signal. He leaned down and kissed me, and in the process, I found myself pressed up against the wall- very much like with Dimitri in the practice room. Of course, it felt nothing like how it had with Dimitri, but it was still nice in its way. I put my arms around Mason and started to pull him closer. â€Å"We could go †¦ somewhere,† I said. He pushed back and laughed. â€Å"Not when you’re drunk.† â€Å"I’m not†¦ that†¦ drunk anymore,† I said, trying to pull him back. Giving me a small kiss on the lips, he stepped back. â€Å"Drunk enough. Look, this isn’t easy, believe me. But if you still want me tomorrow- when you’re sober- then we’ll talk.† He leaned down and kissed me again. I tried to wrap my arms around him, but he broke away once more. â€Å"Easy there, girl,† he teased, backing toward his hallway. I glared at him, but he only laughed and turned around. As he walked away, my glare faded, and I headed back to my room with a smile on my face. How to cite Frostbite Chapter 14, Essay examples

Innovation and Sustainable Managementâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Innovation and Sustainable Management? Answer: Introduction: The rapid growth of the global warming and environmental pollution has led the whole world to face a deadly consequence. According to many reports, the pollution level of Australia has grown since past few years up to 4.9%. Plastic is considered as one of the major villains of environmental pollution. The harmful chemicals that radiate from plastic are harmful for the environment and can cause various health hazards (Rowland et al., 2013). Edible Water Balls concept has risen in last few years. This is considered as a solution to protect the environment from the harmful effect of plastic bottles (Hollensen, 2015). This is one of the innovative business ideas of modern days. Ashley is one of the beverage companies of Australia that has taken initiative to promote the concept of Australia among the Australian citizen. The below mentioned article has concentrated on the business idea of Edible Water Balls. It has enlightened various aspects of the business plan of Edible Water Balls. Organizational Plan: Vision: The vision of the Edible Water Balls business is to protect the world from the harmful effect of plastic bottle. Protect the atmosphere from the effect of global warming (Mongkol, 2014). Global warming is increasing day by day. Plastic is highly responsible for global warming. In order to protect the environment as well as the human lives to meet an awful consequence, the promotion of Edible Water Balls is highly required. Objectives: The objective of the business idea is to run the business organization of Edible Water Balls successfully. Another major objective of the organization is to promote the idea of Edible Water Balls to the every corner of the world. Earning huge profit by expanding the business of Edible Water Balls is one of the primary objectives. Increase the consumption rate of the Edible Water Balls in next five years up to 25% is one of the major goals for the organization. Put a strong footprint in the beverage industry and meet the expectation level of the consumers is another major objective of the organization. Marketing Plan: Marketing plays crucial role in the success of every business idea. It helps the organization to promote its product among the potential consumers and earn desired target. The organizational management must make an appropriate product marketing plan and must include Porters five forces, market segmentation, target market, four Ps of marketing in their marketing plan (Adeigbe et al., 2015). Porters five Force: Fig: Porters Five Forces Created by: Author Threat of New Entrants: There is always a threat of new entries. The rise of various beverage companies is giving threat to Ashley and Edible Water Balls. Threat of Substitute: There are many substitutes of Edible Water Balls, such as- cold drink, mineral water and other beverages. It is one of the major threats of the organization. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: People have become very much concerned about their health and food habits. Eventually it has become important for every food and beverage organization to use high quality ingredients to produce their products. This has risen the bargaining power of the raw material suppliers. Bargaining power of Consumers: Consumers are the key element of every business organization. They preserve the power to influence the growth of every business organization (E. Dobbs, 2014). They do not prefer to compromise on the product quality while they are paying price. Rival Companies: There is always a threat of rival companies for every business organization. There are many beverage companies of Australia that are giving tough competition to Edible Water Balls, such as- Coca Cola Amatil, and a2 Milk. Market Segmentation: Market segmentation consists of five key components, such as- demographic, geographic, geo-demographic, psychographic and behavioral. Geographic: The climate of Australia is hot. A wide part of Australia is desert (Williams et al., 2015). Due to this geographical position the market demand of the edible water will be influenced. Target Market: It is important for every business organization to identify the target market before marketing any product. They must identify their potential consumers; it will be helpful for the organization to design their marketing plan accordingly. The target market of Ashley for their product Edible Water Balls is the working people who stay out of their house most of the time and the school and college students as they often consume various cold drinks and mineral water to beat the heat (Elenkov, 2014). Competitors: The growth of the various beverage companies has given a tough competition to the edible Water Balls. Two major competitors of Ashley are Coca Cola Amatil, and a2 Milk. These two companies are giving tough competition to Ashley (Pollard et al., 2016). Strategies: Coca Cola Amatil and a2 Milk are known for their innovative and unique style of promotion. They incorporate all efficient strategies to draw the attention of large number of consumers. These two beverage company use new media and traditional media both to increase the profit margin (Melo, 2014). Product: The product of the Ashley is Edible Water Balls. It is a unique product that can protect the environment from the negative impact of global warming. Price: The price of Edible Water Balls is reasonable for everyone, so people from all income groups can easily afford it. Each water ball costs $31. Due to this lucrative price people from all parts of the society will be willing to avail it. Place: To promote Edible Water Balls the business organization must use all the forms of new media. It will be helpful for organizational management to draw the attention of large number of consumers. It is evident in recent time people prefer internet and several social networking sites to stay updated with the current news. It will help the organizational management to reach to the maximum consumers to promote their products (Huang Sarigll, 2014). The organizational management can conduct various promotional events in various offices, schools, colleges and other public places like shopping malls, hospitals. It will help the organization to grab the attention of its potential consumers. Promotion: To promote the use of edible water balls, the organizational management of Ashley must make their promotional events more attractive. They can conduct various social awareness campaigns to aware people about the harmful effect of plastic bottles, where they can promote edible water balls. During promotional events in the public places the organizational management can provide one free water ball to all the audience. In digital advertisement the organization can use any renowned celebrity. The organization will be able to influence potential consumers to purchase the water balls as a substitute of mineral water and cold drink by this procedure. Financial Plan: Ashley must fix a reasonable budget for production and marketing purpose. They must consider their budget while planning for any product. It plays crucial role in the development of the every business organization. The organizational management of Ashley must use quality products to produce the water balls at the same time they must understand the fact that they cannot exceed the product price (Stuart, 2015). It will exploit their buyers which can be harmful for the growth of the organization. It may decrease the sales rate as well as the profit margin of the organization. They must make their price chart in such a manner that they can make profit after providing quality product in an affordable price to their loyal consumers (Nikolov, 2016). Conclusion: As per the previous discussion it can be stated that Edible Water Balls can become an efficient substitute of Mineral waters and other beverages. It can be helpful to protect environment from the effect of global warming as well. Ashley has taken a notable initiative to promote the concept and put a strong footprint in the beverage industry. It must incorporate effective marketing and financial plan and must be clear about organizational objective to earn desired target. Reference: Adeigbe, R. T., Baldwin, S., Gallion, K., Grier, S., Ramirez, A. G. (2015). Food and beverage marketing to Latinos: a systematic literature review.Health Education Behavior,42(5), 569-582. Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), 32-45. Elenkov, D. (2014). Experiential Exercise with Multinational Student Teams: Researching Together a Multinational Corporation and Developing Jointly a Strategic Marketing Plan for IT Using Blackboard.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,41. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Melo, M. T. D. M. P. (2014).Marketing plan: How to benefit from the European population ageing and attract the affluent senior segment to choose Lisbon as a tourism destination?(Doctoral dissertation). Mongkol, K. (2014). Integrated Marketing Communication to Increase Brand Equity: The Case of a Thai Beverage Company.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,5(5), 445. Nikolov, I. E. (2016). Marketing plan of Hotel-restaurante Vias Viejas. Pollard, C. M., Meng, X., Hendrie, G. A., Hendrie, D., Sullivan, D., Pratt, I. S., ... Scott, J. A. (2016). Obesity, socio?demographic and attitudinal factors associated with sugar?sweetened beverage consumption: Australian evidence.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,40(1), 71-77. Rowland, B., Toumbourou, J. W., Osborn, A., Smith, R., Hall, J. K., Kremer, P., ... Leslie, E. (2013). A clustered randomised trial examining the effect of social marketing and community mobilisation on the age of uptake and levels of alcohol consumption by Australian adolescents.BMJ open,3(1), e002423. Stuart, A. (2015). A Social Marketing Plan for the Arkansas Miracle League. Williams, A. N., Veth, P., Steffen, W., Ulm, S., Turney, C. S., Reeves, J. M., ... Smith, M. (2015). A continental narrative: Human settlement patterns and Australian climate change over the last 35,000 years.Quaternary Science Reviews,123, 91-112.

The Republic Essay Paper Example For Students

The Republic Essay Paper The RepublicBook One of The Republic opens up with a discussion between Socrates and Cephalus, Polemarchus father, about old age and wealth. Cephalus conveys to Socrates that he believes being wealthy does not necessarily make you a happier person, but being wealthy makes it simpler to lead a good or moral life. Cephalus is quoted as follows,Its in this connection that wealth is most valuable, Id say, not for every man but for a decent an orderly one. Wealth can do a lot to save us from having to cheat or deceive someone against our will from having to depart for that other place in fear because we sacrifice to a good or money to a person. It has many other uses, but, benefit for benefit, Id say that this is how it is most useful to a man of any understanding. Socrates argues this statement of opinion by Cephalus, by saying that if living a just life is simply just telling the truth or giving back your debts,than that can sometimes be the wrong or unjust thing to do. He gives the exa mple of borrowing a knife from a friend, who eventually comes back for his knife but looks full of rage and has intentions of wrong-doing, than giving him the knife back which you owe him is certainly the wrong thing to do. Cephalus, not really interested in carrying on the argument exits from the conversation and his son, Polemarchus, protests Socrates argument and goes on to give his various definitions of what Justice actually means. Polemarchus initial definition was giving everyone what is appropriate or right to them, and it is not appropriate to give harmful things to your friends. Summarizing his definition, he is saying, Justice is pleasing your friends and harming your enemies. Socrates attacks this definition arguing that you shouldnt return evil with evil because it is not just to pose harm to anyone. After Polymarchus agrees with Socrates argument, Thrasymachus, who is tired of hearing all the arguing and debating wants Socrates to tell them what his definition of Justi ce is. Socrates explains to him that he doesnt himself know what it is and he is in pursuit of finding out what Justice us. Thrasymachus then goes on to give his own definition of what is Just.His definition is based upon the idea that what is right is what is in the best interest of the stronger party, in which a ruler makes laws of his own interests, and that is right for the weaker party to follow his laws. The discussion has somewhat shifted from the definition of Justice, to the functions and duties of a ruler of a state. When Thrasymachus gets back to theoriginal discussion of Justice, he says Justice is for fools and people live so-called good laws because they are trained that way and are actually afraid of doing otherwise. What he is basically saying is that good actions are foolish and cowardly, while evil actions are good for society. In the remaining of Book One Socrates attacks Thrasymachus distorted view of what morality is. We will write a custom essay on The Republic Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In Book Two Glaucon expresses his dissatisfaction with Socrates and Thrasymachus argument of Justice by saying But Im not yet satisfied by the argument on either side. I want to know what justice and injustice are and what power each itself has when its by itself in the soul. I want to leave out of account their rewards and what comes from each of them. So, if you agree, Ill renew the argument of Thrasymachus. First, Ill state what kind of thing people consider justice to be and what its origins are. Second, Ill argue that all who practice it do so unwillingly, as something necessary , as they do, for the life of an unjust person is, they say, much better than that of a just one. The purpose of Glaucons presenting these views, which are not his personal views, is in efforts of hearing what Socrates has to say against them. I feel that he is mainly seeking to find out from Socrates why it is actually better to live a just life versus an unjust life. .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postImageUrl , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:visited , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active { border:0!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:active , .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3e58dd5b43432a57311a0e162463ceb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Senior Citizens EssaySocrates starts to answer Glaucon by giving a comparison, whi..ch was The investigation were undertaking is not an easy one but requires keen eyesight, we were to read small letters from a distance and then noticed that the same letters existed elsewhere in a larger size and on a larger surface.Wed consider it a godsend, I think, to be allowed to read the larger ones first and then to examine the smaller ones, to see whether they are really the same. What Socrates is saying is that justice exists in cities, or communities, which are larger than individuals and to understand Justice, we must examine Justice in a larger sense as a community, in order to make it easier to learn what it is on an individual level. What Socrates is starting to do is present his idea of what an Ideal State is. He talks a great deal about soldiers, or as he calls them guardians. He feels they should be thoroughly educated and trained while they are children because they will be the future leaders of the state. He believes children should be told moral uplifting stories about all the various Greek Gods and Heroes, but they shouldnt be exposed to evil stories involving murder and death because it may cause them to be cowardly and fearful. In the last part of Book Two, Socrates touched on the subject of elementary education, and in Book Three, he talks about how these moral stories he previously discussed should be presented to the children. Socrates says This concludes our discussion of the content of stories. We should now, I think, investigate their style, for well then have fully investigated both what should be said and how it should be said. Socrates talks about two different styles in which these stories can be told to the children they are narrative and representational form. I think what he means by representational form is something like a play where actors are acting out these stories. Also in Book Three, Plato describes the kinds of music these children or future generations should hear. He feels they should hear songs that are good for the soul, emotional, uplifting songs. I think an example of what he is talking about could be applied in todays terms as a song like R Kellys I Believe I Can Fly. In the end of Book Three, Socrates is talking about how to divide the children or future guardians into classes. He says the very best guardians should become the rulers, whose functions is to lead the community with the community best interests in mind. He also talks about the auxiliaries, whose duty is to execute the rulers decisions, in our society today they would probably be the policeman, soldiers, judges, and so on. Lastly, he describes the craftsmen, whose duty is to do the skilled work a society needs to function, they would be the doctors, farmers, plumbers, and so on. Finally we have arrived at Book Four in which Socrates talks about the purpose of finding the state was not to make the rulers happy but to make the community as an entirety happy. He also says we cant possibly find justice in a society where one class dominates and has all the advantages over another class. But he also states that we need to avoid two extremes: extreme wealth and extreme poverty,like if a craftsmen becomes extremely wealthy and doesnt want to practice his trade anymore. For example say a plumber wins the lottery and he wants to give up plumbing and this contagiously occurs our state will suffer. Socrates then goes on and feels he has found this ideal state he has been pursuing. He says since its a perfect society we should have four great virtues of wisdom, courage, discipline, and justice. The last point in Book Four I want to touch on is the Physical States of the Soul, Socrates discusseswhich are the Body and the Soul. The soul is composed of three parts, the Rat ional (Wisdom), the Spiritual (Courage), and the Appetitive (Biological Needs). Socrates says the Soul is the leader among the two, and a state of disease occurs when the soul is diseased, and a state of Justice is achieved when the soul is healthy.

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs

Understanding and Identifying Douglas Firs Douglas fir  (or Doug fir) is the English name applied in common to most evergreen coniferous trees of the genus Pseudotsuga  which is in the family Pinaceae. There are five species, two in western North America, one in Mexico, and two in eastern Asia. Douglas Fir Is Confusing to Taxonomists The firs most common name honors a Scottish botanist by the name of David Douglas, a collector of botanical specimens who first reported the extraordinary nature and potential of the species. On his second expedition to North Americas Pacific Northwest in 1824, he discovered what was to eventually be scientifically named Pseudotsuga menziesii. Because of its distinctive cones, Douglas firs were finally placed in the new genus Pseudotsuga (meaning false Tsuga) by the French botanist Carrià ¨re in 1867. Doug firs gave 19th-century botanists problems due to their similarity to various other conifers better known at the time; they have at times been classified as Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia. The Common North American Douglas Fir Douglas fir is one of the most important timber trees on earth in terms of forest products. It can grow large over centuries but will usually be harvested within a century because of its wood value. The good news is that it is a common non-endangered tree and the most plentiful western conifer in North America. This common fir has two Pacific coastal and Rocky Mountain variants or varieties. The coastal tree grows to a height of 300 feet where the Rocky Mountain variety only reaches 100 feet.   Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. menziesii  (called coastal Douglas fir) grows  in the moist coastal regions from west-central  British Columbia  southward to central  California. These firs in Oregon and Washington range from the  eastern edge of the Cascade mountain range to the Pacific ocean.Pseudotsuga menziesii  var. glauca  (called Rocky Mountain Douglas fir) is a smaller fir that tolerates drier sites and grows along with the coastal variety and throughout the Rocky Mountains to Mexico. Quick Identification of Douglas Fir Douglas fir is not a true fir so both the needle formations and the unique cone can throw you off. The cone has unique snake tongue-like forked bracts creeping out from under the scales. These cones are nearly always intact and plentiful both on and under the tree. True firs have needles that are upturned and not whorled. Doug fir is not a true fir and needles are singly wrapped around the twig and between 3/4 to  1.25 inches long with a white line underneath. The needles are deciduous (but may persist), linear or needle-like, not prickly like spruce, and singly whorled around the twig. Doug fir is also a  favorite Christmas tree  and adapts well to commercial plantations well out of its natural range. The Most Common North American Conifer List Baldcypress  CedarDouglas firFirHemlock  Larch PineRedwoodSpruce

A Statement Of Death Of A Salesman English Literature Essay

A Statement Of Death Of A Salesman English Literature Essay Thesis Statement: Although Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller is a classic tragedy in the Aristotelian sense, it is also a biting critique of capitalism and the empty promises of capitalism’s materialistic version of the American Dream. II. Death of a Salesman as a Tragedy A. Catharsis of Emotion B. The Play’s Organic Unity C. Reversal in Fortune 1. Waste of human potential D. Willy’s Hamartia E. Willy as a Noble Personage 1. The nobility of the salesman is derived from the values of capitalism. 2. Ways in which Willy is a noble salesman III. Death of a Salesman as a Critique of Capitalism A. Miller Shows the Ways in Which Capitalist Values have Warped the American Dream 1. Willy’s Fall is ignoble because there is no increase in self-knowledge B. Willy’s Materialism Blinded Him from his Inner Worth IV. Conclusion Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is often heralded as the first modern American tragedy. Utilizing the American Dream as the foundation of American values and morals, Miller builds his play around the hero Willy Loman, a common man, and his family. Through the character of Willy and his family, Miller uses the play to convey the tragic consequences of unerring devotion to that dream. Although Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller is a classic tragedy in the Aristotelian sense, it is also a biting critique of capitalism and the empty promises of capitalism’s materialistic version of the American Dream. One of the qualities of a tragedy observed by Aristotle was the catharsis of emotion that occurred throughout the drama, and this characteristic is readily observable in Death of a Salesman (Arp 1220). Willy’s relationships with all of the other characters in the play reveal a deep sense of grief, despair, and disillusionment as Willy clings to his version of the American Dream and alternately attacks and defends the people in his life. For instance, Willy contradicts himself constantly, cr iticizing his son Biff in one breath and defending him in the next. In Act One Willy yells at Biff, saying, â€Å"One imagines at first that Willy is focused on ensuring that his son has the best life possible according to his version of the American Dream, but as the play progresses one begins to believe that Willy’s treatment of Biff, Happy and all of the characters is an expression of his need to defend his philosophy of capitalist progress. The feelings of despair, anger, and grief that come arise are all focused around this idea that if Willy’s dream is false, his whole life will have been lived in vain. One literary technique that Miller uses to convey the emotional intensity that engenders the catharsis is repetition of phrasing and words. This device can be found throughout the play, used by any character. For instance, Willy states early on, â€Å"I’m the New England man. I’m vital in New England† (Miller 4). In a conversation between Wil ly and Biff, Biff says, â€Å"Pop! I’m a dime a dozen, and so are you!† and Willy answers, â€Å"I’m not a dime a dozen! I’m Willy Loman and you are Biff Loman!† (Miller 105). Much later in the play he says, â€Å"I’ve got to get some seeds. I’ve got to get some seeds, right away. Nothing’s planted. I don’t have a thing in the ground† (Miller 96). Biff, too, talks in this repetitious style, saying to his mother, â€Å"I can’t take hold, Mom. I can’t take hold of some kind of life† (Miller 39). In each of these instances, Miller writes in such a way that the characters repeat key phrases or words that are representative of some deeper emotional message and meaning. New England represents the promised land of plenty that Willy can never reach, the phrase â€Å"dime a dozen† represents the reality of being a common man making a meager living, and the seeds Willy does not have in the third quote refer to the necessary preconditions to success that Willy never acquired. The phrase ‘taking hold’ signifies the notion of success as defined by Willy throughout Biff’s upbringing.

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 - Essay Example Premises medical coverage is intended on paying for minor injuries, which might happen in individual’s airport facility. The coverage helps in avoidance of litigation for minor claims (Diederiks-Verschoor and Butler 247). The coverage would help Mike’s students incase an injury occurs during the training. The limits of the medical coverage range from 1000 to 5000 US dollars individually. Products and completed operations policy offer liability protection for property damage and bodily injury which arises after selling the aviation products or services that the organization offers. The policy only covers when an accident occurs while delivering a product or service by another person (Diederiks-Verschoor and Butler 252). Hangar-keeper liability covers any damage to an aircraft if it is not fully owned or leased to you and while the aircraft is under your care, control and custody, mostly likely when servicing for maintenance, storing or fueling. The cover pays for all damages that a person is legally responsible. Off-Premise’s liability extends from Premises Coverage that includes other necessary or incidental locations to one’s operation. In-Flight Hangar-keepers is an extension of Hangar-keepers liability covering for damage to non-leased or non-owned aircrafts flown by any other pilot (Grothaus 20). Personal injury coverage pays for legal defense any owner of an aircraft sued for damages for injuries that arise from false arrest, imprisonment or detention, slander or libel, malicious prosecution, wrongful entry or invasion to an insured person (Grothaus 25). Fire legal liability covers for legally responsible damages to the buildings leased or rented on the insured airport premises caused by fire. Professional liability covers the protection for bodily injury that arises from an omission or error committed on giving of flight instruction, which may result to an accident at a

Biodiversity of Coastal and Exposed Shores Assignment

Biodiversity of Coastal and Exposed Shores - Assignment Example (DETR, 2001). Ideally, we should be able to monitor the biological status of all UK biodiversity and how it is changing (e.g. ecosystem support functions, such as pollution buffering, flood reduction, climate change responses), with focus on priority species and habitats. This paper seeks to respond to the question: How should one go about designing the statistical analysis of biodiversity if it had to be done across scales in time and space The conceptual basis of the design is the definition of biodiversity as a convolution of two community components. One of the components is richness, the product of species evolution, and the other structure, the consequence of environmental sorting (biotic, physical). The method of choice takes information in the manner of frequency distributions, and decomposes the associated total diversity into additive components specific to the deemed sorting factors. Diversity quantities are supplied by the analysis by which the relative importance of sorting factors can be measured and the dynamic oscillations which they generate in diversity can be traced. It is important for this to strategy considers both the present situation and future research needs. Our present monitoring capabilities may be limited not in a scientific sense but through poor coordination and use of existing resources. The Strategy aims to identify areas where improved coordination is required, as well as prioritising new research. Method and Planning: For the preliminary planning process, I conducted the experiments on the middle shore, i.e., 6/12ths, where this position was used in the case of both the exposed and sheltered shores. Also, a levelling technique was made use of in order to locate the middle position. Further, random selection was conducted with the collected samples using a quadrat. Once the middle positions on each shore were located, 30 samples were extracted from each position. With the help of two measuring tapes - one vertically and one horizontally (like an x and y axis), a random numbers table was used to pick some numbers with two numbers for each sample making a total of 60 numbers for 30 samples. After this, the two numbers (coordinates x and y), were used to find the x coordinates on the vertical measuring tape and the y coordinates on the horizontal measuring tape. This helped to finally zero in on a position from where the researcher could extract samples. A note on the style that has been followed throughout this paper - I have followed the APA style in keeping with the most uncomplicated one for the purpose of our research and simple presentation. Analysis and Implementation: In the course of this task, I went on the assumption that the species will show more diversity on the sheltered shore while the exposed shore will have less population density owing to harsh weather conditions. Accordingly, I have used the following steps: Surveying the Rocky shore Because the tide rises up and down twice a day things at the top of the shore get much less water than things at the bottom. This gives rise to an extraordinarily large number of different ways of surviving

How Hiphop Has Changed the Youth in Society Essay Example for Free

How Hiphop Has Changed the Youth in Society Essay Throughout the past 30 years, there has been much speculation about how negative hip-hop music truly is, and how it actually affects the youth. The hip-hop music of recent years has been the foundation of many controversial issues and has been illustrated negatively by the media countless times. Issues such as gun and knife crime which has escalated heavily within younger age groups in the last 15 years, especially in the USA and UK and also drug abuse, the use of marijuana being used openly within the younger generations. Hip-hop has been accused of influencing the youth to become more misogynistic towards women by constantly having explicit content, such as racist and sexist lyrics in their music. Hip-hip has always been stereotypically associated with violence and black crime. Due to this, older generations have always had an antagonistic outlook on the entire hip-hop genre of music. Although hip-hip music is considered negative in the eyes of many people, there is to consider various questions to have a better understanding and point of view on the controversial issue. Today we speak, dress and drive what the stars do. Where we shop and eat even the types of homes we buy is dictated by what we hear the celebrities are doing. That is a powerful influence over an individual adult but only imagine what type of influence this has over an impressionable pre-teen. Due to the fact that hip-hop/rap music appeals to the thirteen to eighteen year old audiences and the artists performing come from very similar backgrounds of the listeners, rap music is able to control the way that youth think. Teens and pre-teens are using their part-time job pay check to buy grills (a form of jewellery worn in the mouth) and other types of jewellery and even weapons such as knives and guns are seen as metaphorical fashion accessories for the youth, as these things are incorporated into the lyrics of hip-hop and rap music. What is hip-hop music? In order to understand the hip-hop phenomena one must first create a foundation of knowledge through learning its history. Hip-hop began from a mixture of spoken word poetry, jazz drumming, and jazz instrumentations. Hip-hop is one of the most popular genres of music out today and has been steadily growing in popularity since its rise in fame from the late 1970s. With the rise of MTV in the early 1980s, early hip-hop music was constantly being shown with TV shows such as ‘Yo! MTV raps’ and since then has been known to be one of music’s most successful art forms and has remained popular to this day. With over forty years of being around, hip-hop has grown and matured and most importantly expanded from its origin of the south Bronx in New York, to worldwide. The genre and sub culture originated in the early 1970s when a Jamaican immigrant by the name of Clive Campbell aka DJ Kool Herc, first hit the scene in the Bronx. Campbell started DJ-ing his own parties, playing soul, funk as well as RB records on his turntable set. Herc also brought his know how of the sound system and the popular dancehall/block party scene. Graffiti art had also begun to take shape in the subways of Philadelphia in the mid 1960s. A black teenager by the name of Cornbread began tagging the subways in hopes of attracting a girl he had found feelings for; from this form of youth expression came Graffiti. Fab 5 Freddy, one of the original DJs of Hip-hop, began an art from known as scratching and popularized DJing. Hip-hop consists of four elements, ‘B-boying’ or also known as break dancing. ‘Djing’, ‘Emceeing’, and street art or more commonly known as ‘graffiti’. Djing, also known as the first element of hip-hop began when disc jockeys created beats on two turntables. The way DJs created their beats was simple yet revolutionary in an essence. The DJs would first find a portion of a song that emphasized a percussive pattern, and then looped a portion of the song to form a rhythmic pattern. This procedure is now more commonly known as sampling. With the beat or instrumental now developed, the DJ decided the music needed some accompaniment to the music such as singing or poetry. This procedure is known as rapping or Emceeing. From hip-hop spawned the sub-genre ‘Rap’ in the early 1980s. More and more artists became interested in the new form of music out of New York. In 1981, Rap gained a lot of exposure through popular shows such as 20/20 and Saturday night live. The 1990s saw even more change in the hip-hop industry. Early in the decade, artists fought for permission to sell their albums since most authorities deemed them ‘obscene’ due to the explicit content within the music. A lot which expressed sexual references towards women and talked about the use of drugs. Hip-hop music also spoke strongly about politics and poverty, artists such as Tupac and Public Enemy spoke about such issues. In the 1990s the tension that had been gathering between the west coast ‘Gangsta’ and the East coast artists has exploded and resulted in the shooting deaths of Christopher Wallace and Tupac Shakur. In the present day Hip-Hop is one of the largest and fastest growing sources of capital and has a great influence on its fans. The roles that Hip-Hop and Hip-Hop artist play in America require responsibility, however, many of the performers and labels take none. By using television and other various sorts of visual media Hip-Hop portrays less than positive stereotypes and all but influences the youth to accept these stereotypes as normal behaviour. The detrimental effect that popular Hip-Hop has doesn’t stop at the visual level. Lyrical content in songs have been dumbed down and filled with violence, sex, and drugs. For example the song â€Å"Hate Being Sober† by Chief Keef condones the use of drugs at all times and gives the impression that it is ok and cool. â€Å"While many Hip-Hop songs contain messages about alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, few provide an accurate portrayal of the negative consequences of substance abuse† Negative accusations and harsh criticism has always been an issue for the hip-hop genre of music. Some of these accusations include how hip-hop influences the youth to become more misogynistic towards women by constantly having explicit content, such as racist and sexist lyrics in their music. Because of this, Hip-hop music has been criticized greatly by the media accusing the music of affecting the youth that sexism and other such forms of oppression are acceptable to society. Although the media has a major impact on how Hip-hop is viewed by the masses, their is some people who view Hip-hop differently. Famous civil rights leader Al Sharpton was asked on what he believed on this particular issue and said, The hip-hop culture is just like electricity, it can be used negatively or positively. The same electric current that lights up your house can also electrocute you. It is the misuse of hip-hop culture to attack our women and promote violence. We must encourage the proper use of hip-hop culture. We are all influenced by the hip-hop generation. (Is hip-hop culture, 2000) On a survey done to twenty-five people in the 17- 60 yrs of age range, twenty people know someone that is exposed to the Hip-hop culture and twenty-one of them believed that Hip-hop isnt a negative art form. In Figures 1, 2, and 3 show the results from the survey done. On Figure 2, it shows that most of the people surveyed do believe that Hip-hop music has the most influence on the youth. Rap music generally depicts the lives and souls of many under privileged youths, citing depression and violence during upbringings. The youth of today’s society and in the past, take this music as a way of expression, a way of overruling everything they believe is corrupt and in their own way become corrupt themselves by not caring about the rules. Rap music can be transparently seen as a striking negative influence on today’s youth just by listening to certain songs which praise violence and the use of drugs. Take rapper Wiz Khalifa for instance. This artist is a prime example of being a huge negative influence to today’s society by the extensive amount of marijuana use, portrayed within his lyrics. The artist mentions marijuana in his songs and speaks about it in a positive way, speaking about the stimulating effects it has on him and almost making the drug sound ‘cool’ to the younger generation, making them think that smoking this drug is cool and acceptable as rapper Wiz Khalifa openly smokes it and mentions it. The number of drug references in rap music has raised six fold since the genre revolutionised pop music. Researchers who analysed the lyrics of hundreds of songs say rap has been transformed from one which warned against the dangers of drug abuse to one that routinely glorifies it. And because many of the references are coded, many parents are unaware what their children are listening to.

Middle Passage Essay -- Literary Analysis, Charles Johnson

INTRO Examination into the true heart of experience and meaning, Charles Johnson’s Middle Passage looks at the structures of identity and the total transformation of the self. The novel talks about the hidden assumptions of human and literary identity and brings to view the real problems of these assumptions through different ideas of allusion and appropriation. As the novel tells Rutherford Calhoun’s transformation of un-awareness allows him to cross â€Å"the sea of suffering† (209) making him forget who he really is. The novel brings forth the roots of human â€Å"being† and the true complications and troubles of African American experiences. Stuck between posed questions of identity, the abstract body is able to provide important insight into the methods and meanings in Middle Passage. RUTHERFORD’S TRANSFORMATION Middle Passage’s protagonist , Rutherford Calhoun, shows that identity is a dangerous â€Å"middle† experience for the African American offspring that endured the middle passage. As a survivor of a unknown place and subject to total isolation of his own personal experiences we find Rutherford searching for meaning. The novel questions the structure of human and literary identity by testing the power of duel oppositions and abstraction to portray the meaning of experience: "Our faith in fiction comes from an ancient belief that language and literary art all speaking and showing-clarify our experience" (Being 3). By questioning the African-American experience, Johnson radicalizes faith and is able to show the complexities of experience and change. Johnson’s examination into identity, which we can see as both human and textual, depends mainly on the appropriation for its literal and pensive methods. This contradictory space of ... ...o becoming "like any other men," or if not like every other man they become more like Rutherford himself: â€Å"They were leagues from home - indeed, without a home - and in Ngonyama's eyes I saw a displacement, an emptiness like maybe all of his brethren as he once knew them were dead. To wit, I saw myself. A man remade by virtue of his contact with the crew. My reflection in his eyes, when I looked up, gave back my flat image as phantasmic, the flapping sails and sea behind me drained of their density like figures in a dream. Stupidly, I had seen their lives and culture as timeless product, as a finished thing, pure essence or Parmenidean meaning I envied and wanted to embrace, when the truth was that they were process and Heraclitean change, like any men, not fixed but evolving and as vulnerable to metamorphosis as the body of the boy we'd thrown overboard. (124)†

Hobbes vs. Locke Essay

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were known as Social Contract Theorists, and Natural Law Theorists. The two men both had very strong views on freedom and how a country should be governed. Thomas Hobbes had more of a Pessimistic view while John locke had more of an Optimistic view. Hobbes and Locke believed in a type of Social Contract between the Government and being governed. Hobbes believed in Absolute Monarchs and Locke believed in the will of people being governed. Hobbes opposed constitutionalism because of his pessimistic appraisal of human nature. They both had extremely different views on government, but the bases of their arguments were similar. They both used reason to justify their ideas, rather than divine right. Although both men acknowledged that there was a God, He played a very small role in their ideologies. I believe that both Hobbes and Locke are genuinely correct. Thomas Hobbes believed mankind good and evil depended on what the individual loved and hated. He believed that life in the state of nature is â€Å"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.† (119) Mankind was naturally equal in power of mind and body so no individual was capable of dominating another. In a strictly natural condition there was no justice or injustice because everyone had their right to seek and take whatever is good and dispose of whatever was bad for them. He was for absolute monarchy. Thomas Hobbes believed that â€Å"authoritarian governments were necessary to keep human beings’ worst impulses under control.†(119) He did not believe that a large group of men would agree with one and other and peacefully run a country. Hobbes opposed constitutionalism because of his pessimistic view of human nature. The passages in Hobbes writings show that he did not desire the possibility of anything like modern totalitarianism. For Hobbes, any division of power was an invitation to chaos. Locke believed all men should be free but should some freedom be sacrificed in return for security and protection from the government. He states that Man Kind should surrender â€Å"absolute liberty in exchange for the protection of life, liberty, and the right to own property.†(125) He also believed that mankind could form a social contract together that would bring a nation together. John Locke defended the establishment of constitutional government in England and influenced the framers of the American Constitution. He believed that most people had the sense to see that others had certain rights, such as the right to life, because they were human beings. Most people were disposed to respect these rights. John Locke, the principal theorist of modern liberalism, apparently assumed that government would generally be carried on by a hereditary aristocracy. A person was not obliged to obey unless he had voluntarily agreed to do so. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both very intelligent Philosophers. Their beliefs in my opinion, are influential and reflect different aspects of our government today. In my opinion, it is hard to agree or disagree on some of their beliefs. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. â€Å"from Leviathan. â€Å" Reading The World: Ideas That Matter. 2nd Ed. Ed. Austin Michael. New York: Norton, 2010.119.Print. Hobbes, Thomas. â€Å"from Leviathan.† Reading the World: Ideas That Matter. 2nd Ed. Ed. Austin Michael. New York: Norton, 2010.125.Print.

An Occurrence

The short story takes place during the Civil War. Peyton Farquhar a civilian of the south Is caught vlolatlng with the bridge and Is sentenced to be hanged. Ambrose Bierce's short story became a suspenseful phenomenon. He maintain suspenses throughout the short story by enhancing the mind of Peyton into a deep fantasy. Bierce's use of flashbacks, setting, illusion, and symbolism to create suspense.In the second aragraph the story gives a flashback to outline Peyton's lifestyle and why he is getting hanged. The flashback shows how Peyton was a slave owner and was a supporter of the confederate army. When Peyton has a confrontation with a union spy posing as a confederate soldier it created suspense because Peyton didn't know what the reader knew. The flashback explains how Peyton got into this mess that were learned of earlier in the story. Symbolism throughout the story is used to show life and death. One example is the place Peyton is being hanged (the bridge).The bridge symbolizes the path one must take to cross over between life and death. On one side of the bridge represents Peyton's life and the other side of the bridge where the soldiers are represented as death and war. Since Peyton took it upon himself to take action in the war he choose to crossover to the said of war otherwise referred to as death where he will be hanged. The river under Peyton also symbolizes the passage between life and death. In other religions when someone dies, they cross over a river to get to the other side.An example would be the River Styx in Greek mythology. The River Styx is know as the border between life and death that sends soul's to the other side. Bierce creates one big Illusion to the reader as Peyton Is dying In a slow daydream. The readers perceptions of PeytonS thoughts and actions now becomes a blurred line between illusion and reality. Peyton is imagining his escape from death but the reader doesn't know it is only an illusion lasting about 3 seconds before he di ed. Like many say his life flashed before his eyes.His ability to escape gunfire underwater shows that he is dreaming because that would be nearly impossible for someone who Is half conscious to dodge. This sense of Imposslblllty creates suspense as the reader wonders If Peyton will successfully escape alive because It seems so unbelievable. Altogether these literary devices helped Bierce create a suspenseful short story. Without anyone of these devices he would not have been able to make the reader suspenseful and predict the predictable outcome of Peyton surviving.An Occurrence By denise_bgc hort story takes place during the Civil War. Peyton Farquhar a civilian of the south is caught violating with the bridge and is sentenced to be hanged. Ambrose Bierce's that sends soul's to the other side. Bierce creates one big illusion to the reader as Peyton is dying in a slow daydream. The readers perceptions of Peyton's thoughts would be nearly impossible for someone who is half conscious to dodge. This sense of impossibility creates suspense as the reader wonders if Peyton will successfully escape alive because it seems so unbelievable.

LeadersManagers effective on organizations essays

LeadersManagers effective on organizations essays Leaders/Managers effective on organizations. I have so many ideas of what an effective leader should be that I often feel overwhelmed and cannot imagine how I will become the ideal leader that I want to be. There are many ingredients of effective leadership styles. I have read several books and articles on leadership and management. I have also participated in a few leadership training/education modules offered through my employers. There are many theories on what makes an effective leader. In my research I have discovered that there is many leadership styles and most are effective if used in the right situations. Information on the subject of leadership is plenty with some resources being quite in-depth, but most describe a specific type of leadership. I did find one book that was both easy to understand and made a lot of sense. In the book, Leadership and the One-Minute Manager, the theory and use of Situational Leadership is described. I think that this style of leadership is most effective. It describes that dif ferent forms of leadership are needed in different situations. The book defines leadership style as how you behave when you are trying to influence the performance of someone else (p. 46). Therefore, one of the most important ingredients of any leader would be flexibility. The second most important ingredient would be understanding when to use a specific leadership style. The four basic leadership styles described are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. The directing leadership style would be needed for new hires, or less competent employees that show commitment and a desire to be productive. The employees at this development level would require very clear directions, and a lot of supervision. The atmosphere must be controlled and structured until these employees develop some competence. The coaching style would be useful for existing employees who have lost t...

Research Studies in Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research Studies in Managment - Essay Example The effects of chronological age - defined in social terms in relation to an individual’s chosen or forced behaviour on the grounds of age – has been an issue of political, economic and social relevance since the implementation of the First Action Programme on Ageing, and culminates provisionally with the European Employment Directive. Legislation outlawing age discrimination in employment and vocational training has thus come into force by this year 2006. UK government policy aims to encourage older people to remain active within the workforce. This is in part recognition of the rise in longevity and the importance of living a healthy active contributory later life, but it is also to compensate for the potentially large take-up of pension benefits in the future. Saving throughout the life course and working later in life is also seen as a means of ensuring a satisfactory level of income in old age. Direct discrimination (less favourable treatment): Such type of discrimination is allowed at some places like, a Roman Catholic school may be able to restrict applications for a scripture teacher to baptized Catholics. Harassment (in accordance with national law/practice), victimisation, dismissal or adverse treatment as a reaction to complaints/legal proceedings, and instructions to discriminate. But if someone is bullied or victimised in the mistaken belief that he is a member of another religion, then he may also be protected under race discrimination laws. Outside the European Union, legislation against age discrimination is in place for example in the United States (Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967), Canada (legislation in the 1960s), New Zealand (1993 Human Rights Act includes age discrimination), Australia (introduced in 1991-96), and South Africa In this study, examples of age discriminatory practices in

How important has Hollywood been in influencing Chinese filmmaking Dissertation

How important has Hollywood been in influencing Chinese filmmaking since the 1980s - Dissertation Example The filmmaking industry is alive and well. Based on international revenues from films, filmmaking is generally a highly profitable trade. In the current age of globalization, the impact of the filmmaking industry has also crossed borders, with Hollywood films influencing the international film industry and local filmmaking industries like China and India also impacting on the Hollywood filmmaking industry. As a result of the reciprocal interest which has emerged on filmmaking in different countries, specific influences have also emerged on how films are made in general. In the past 50 years, the Chinese film industry has had a significant influence on Hollywood filmmaking, in terms of plot lines as well as action sequences. In the past few decades however, the Hollywood film industry has taken a turn in influencing and impacting on the Chinese filmmaking industry. ... Hollywood influence/impact on Chinese film industry The significant technological progress which the western world has brought into the entertainment industry impacted significantly on China (Zhu, 2003). The widespread use of television sets in Chinese homes caused an even more significant demand for such technology (Zhu, 2003). Studios also saw the need to invest in television shows, including soap operas. The market for TV commercials also emerged with increasing co-production processes made with other investors. As the 1990s drew to a close, the Chinese film industry became more diversified. The fifth and sixth generation filmmakers were more engaged in financing productions which could be released in the global setting (Zhang, 1999). The government also continued to invest in main melody films. The Chinese filmmakers also found a market in lower budget films, mostly in comedies and romances. Television shows also saw a dramatic rise in TV series productions, diversifying the opti ons of filmmakers not just in major venture films (Zhang, 1999). More dramatic changes also emerged with the entry of China to the World Trade Organization. Its membership into the WTO and its more open market, China has sought to invite more viewers into the movie theatres with its feature Chinese films and Hollywood productions (Wheeler, 2012). About 70% of films shown in China are from Hollywood, making them a significant contributor to China’s cinematic industry. Hollywood impact on China has also been apparent in terms of the pressure it has imposed on the Chinese filmmakers, mostly in terms of developing blockbusters which can adequately compete with Hollywood films (Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, 2004). The film by

Literature Review and Report (The Woolworths Management Success Story) Essay

Literature Review and Report (The Woolworths Management Success Story) - Essay Example This literature review analyzes the problems associated with overworking employees and provides alternative solutions. When employees work beyond a normal 40 hour week people sometimes develop an addiction to work. These types of employees are workaholics. According to a study performed at the University of North Carolina about one-fourth of the American workforce suffers from â€Å"workaholism† which is defined as a compulsive need to work at the expense of everything else in one’s life (All the Work and no Play Makes Your AP Staff Less Productive, 2008). When people put in extra hours at work it does not necessarily mean they are being more productive. These workers are typically exhausted from the excessive work load. They become more inefficient as a consequence and it takes them longer to accomplish tasks. Giving your employees excessive work tasks is not a sound business strategy and is actually counterproductive. In the United States businesses lost nearly $150 billion last year due to overworking their employees (All the Work and no Play Makes Your AP Staff Less Productive, 200 8). Overworking employees is detrimental to both the company and to the health of the employees. Overworked employees developed health issues such as panic attacks, headaches, tiredness, fatigue, sleeping disorders, irritability, and chronic stress among others. These health issues many times cause employees to lose work days due to sickness. When employees are overworked they lose motivation in the workplace and their job performance suffers. Overworking create a hostile business environment in which the employees feel consumed by the long hours they have to put in everyday. Employees that suffer from work related stress are susceptible to weight loss and to developing bad habits such as caffeine and nicotine addiction (News from Personnel Today, 2009). These addictions cause the employees to take extra

Econometrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Econometrics - Essay Example The results of the regression are demonstrated in table 2. The coefficient of male is 0.011. This indicates that the number of doctor visits increases if the individual is male by 0.011. The value is not statistically significant at 10, 5 and 1 percent level of significance since the probability is greater than the critical values in each of the alpha value. The regression results are illustrated in the table 3 in the appendix. The male coefficient is 14.89. This coefficient is positive which indicates that males spend 14.89 more on private medical services than the females. The value is statistically significant at the 1 percent level of significance since the probability value is very low. This means that there statistical significance that the level of private expenditure on medical services is highly influenced by gender. The coefficient of number of visits to the doctor in the past years is -0.562. This has been indicated in table 4 below. The coefficient is negative which indicates that there are an inverse relation between the number of visits to the doctor in the past years and health status. When the endogenous variable increases by one unit, the health status will decline by 0.562 units. The coefficient is statistically significant at 1 per cent level of significance indicating that the number of visits to the doctor in the past years is a good indicator of changes in health status. A casual interpretation exists when there is a cause and effect reaction on the regression results (Wayne A. Woodward, 2011). This means that there is a two way impact of the variables. In this case, no casual interpretation exists. This is because the number of doctor visits in the past affects the present health status negatively and on the other hand, health status in the present cannot affect the number of doctor visits in the past. Male: The coefficient of the male is -3.987. This means that when an individual is male, the health status

The Pestel Framework Categorizes Environmental Influences Commerce Essay

The Pestel Framework Categorizes Environmental Influences Commerce Essay The PESTEL framework categorizes environmental influences into six main forms: political, economic, social technological environmental and legal. Where by the politics highlight the role of government; economic refers to macroeconomic factor such as exchange rates, and discrepancy economic growth rates around the world; social influences include changing culture and demographics; technological such as internet; environmental issues such as pollution and waste; and finally legal embraces legislative constraints. The Western European brewing industry is highly penetrated; The PESTEL framework can be used to help identify the key forces that are driving the change in the market. Political Factors might be the dynamic operation of European government against drunken driving, binge drinking, and consequently long term health and fitness problems. These campaigns have the potential to push for law changes surrounding what alcohol can be bought in restaurants, pubs, bars and retail outlets. Decrease in the consumption of beer in Europe as many traditional key markets have increased awareness of the social problems associated with alcohol drinking. Economic Economic recession in 2009 has also lead to an effect on beer sales mainly in the United Kingdom where an estimate of 50 pubs closed per week due to downturn. Beer consumption per capita varies broadly among countries, for example being four times higher in Germany than in Italy. Example in table 1 comparing year 1980 to 2000 the consumption of beer has increased from 3534000 hectoliters to 6453000 hectoliters which is approximately 82.60%. Social Lifestyle in emerging market has changed due to the increase in the availability of disposable income, leading to an increase in beer consumption. The new trends like wines, non alcoholic beers, extra cold lagers and fruit flavored beers will adversely affect the consumption of beers. Education and health; there is an increasing awareness of the effect of alcohol on health and fitness. Particularly in the United Kingdom there is increasing hostility to so called binge drinking excessive alcohol consumption in pubs and clubs. Technological Rate of technological change; as seen in the Anheuser Busch InBev (Belgium) company that efficient advantages will come from more central management of purchasing, together with media and IT from the optimization of its hereditary network of breweries and from the distribution of finest practices across sites internationally. Innovation of new products; the case witnesses that the introduction of higher priced premium products such as non alcoholic beers, extra cold lagers or fruit flavored beers has led to increase in sales. Environmental Pollution; population are getting more and more alert of the environment and it is essential that the companies do everything to avoid environmental pollution. It is important that the environmental load through the brewing development is as low as possible. Waste and recycling; reusability and recycling is significant, the brewing industry for instance treats their effluents so that they can use it again for irrigation. Through this they save power and lessen sludge disposal. Legal International law; when comparing Europe with the United States we have witnessed that in America it is prohibited to drink in public places comparing to Europe where one can drink alcohol wherever they want. This could lead to new laws that restrict drinking in the public places. Acquisition, licensing and strategic alliance have all take place as an important brewers conflict to control the market. For example in 2004, Belgian brewery Interbrew merged with Am Bev, the Brazilian brewer group to create the largest brewer in the world. A five forces analysis The five forces study was originally developed by Michael Porter in 1990, as a way of assessing the attractiveness of different industries or sectors in terms of competitive forces. The five forces constitute an industrys structure, although initially developed with businesses in mind the industry structure analysis with the five forces framework is of value to most of the organizations. As well as assessing the attractiveness of the brewing industry the five forces can assist set an agenda for action on the range of areas that they identify. The five forces are: Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of suppliers Competitive rivalry POTENTIAL ENTRANTS COMPETITIVE RIVALRY Threat of entry Threat of substitutes Bargaining power Bargaining power SUPPLIERS BUYERS SUBSTITUTES FIG 1 THE FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK Threat of substitutes The threat of substitute is high because there is an availability of wine, fruit flavored beer and also extra cold lagers. From table 1 and 2 in the case study we can witness the negative effect of the substitute on beer; taking an example of Denmark table 1 shows a decline in the beer consumption and in table 2 shows increase in the importation of exotic beers from overseas. Threat of new entrants Threat of entry depends on the degree and height of barriers to entry; barriers of entry are factors that need to be defeated by new entrants if they are to battle effectively. According to the case the threat of new entrants is very low because the industry is highly penetrated and mergers taking place, also there are global pressures for consolidation which sustain their competitive position in the industry. There are very few big brewery companies which makes them dominate the market, so for a new entrant would be hard to have that financial effort. Bargaining power of buyers Customers of course are necessary for the survival of any business, but sometimes consumers can have such high bargaining power that their suppliers barely make any profits. The bargaining authority is high due to the supervision campaign strongly against drunken driving, and binge drinking which has led to an increase in off trade (retail) than on trade (beer consumption in pubs or restaurant). The off trade is increasingly more conquered by big supermarket chains such as Tesco and Carrefour which gives them the bargaining power. Bargaining power of suppliers Suppliers are those who supply the organization with what it needs to produce the product or service. The main purchasing costs are wrapping, raw material such as barley and power. The case shows that the bargaining power of supplier in packaging is high due to the availability of only three can makers and shifting cost from one can maker to the other could be high either in terms of money or even technology. Competitive rivalry Competitive rivalry is are businesses with same products and services aimed at the same customer group. The competitive rivalry in the brewing industry is very high because almost all companies have the same product/ product differentiation is low, high rate of acquisitions, alliances and strategic alliance and also consolidation due to over capacity within the industry. Conclusion With regard to the PESTEL analysis and the Porters five forces analysis I conclude that in order to sustain the competitive position and market share in the brewing industry, one should acquire, license or strategic alliance with an existing company could be small, medium or already a large company. Question 2 Anheuser-Busch InBev [Belgium] A-B InBev is the largest brewer in the world; it achieved this position when InBev acquired the leading American brewer Anheuser Busch for 52bn. The company now has nearly 300 brands and approximate 50% share of the US market and owns 50% of Mexicos leading brewers. The company is frank about the approach to renovate itself from the biggest brewing company to the best. STRENGTH WEAKNESS Largest brewer in the world Inherited network of breweries Strong financial power The merger of Belgian Interbrew and Brazilian Am Bev in 2004 The companys strategy to transform itself from the biggest to the best by: Building strong global brands Increase competence through more central management of purchasing including median and IT. Greene King [United Kingdom] Greene King is now the largest domestic British brewer, which was established in 1799. It has expanded through a series of acquisition including Ruddles [1995], Morland [1999] and Hardys and Hansons [2006]. STRENGTH WEAKNESS Brew high quality beer from an efficient single site. Medium size brewing company Focused brand portfolio which is minimizing the complexity and cost of a multi brand strategy. Less financial power 2000 pubs across the UK with a particular dominant position in its home region of East Anglia. Expansion through acquisition, which led to critics calling the company greedy king. Tsingtao [China] Tsingtao brewery was found in 1903 by German settlers in China, after state ownership under communism Tsingtao was privatized in the early 1990s and listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange in 1993. Tsingtao has 13% market share of its home country, the company has described its ambition thus; to promote the continuous growth of the sales volume and income to step forward the target of becoming an international great company. STRENGTH WEAKNESS It is the Chinese brand leader in United States Small brewing company Its now sold in more than 62 countries. Less financial power Almost 50% of exports Home market share is very low {13%} A bottle of Tsingtao appeared in the 1982 science fiction film blade Ronner. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBILIOGRAPHY Fundamentals of strategy (CH 2) By: Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington Lecture slides (LE 45) REFERENCE www.scribd.com/mobile/doc/74880013?width=360 www.studymode.com www.writemypapers.org Question1 Strategic capabilities refer to the adequacy and suitability of the resources and competences of an organization for it to survive and prosper. The framework used to analyze the strategic capabilities is the VRIO framework; the acronym stands for four questions that need answering to determine the competitive potential of an organizations resources or capabilities: the question of Value, Rarity, Inimitability [easy/difficult to imitate] and Organization [ability to exploit the resources]. Dysons has value because of being distinctive from the customer; the distinctive factor is built upon the innovative products like bag less vacuum cleaners to energy efficient and time efficient hand dryers for public places to desk fan with no blades. Dysons believes in patent to protect its differentiated but that doesnt mean competitors dont try to imitate, within Dysons vacuums there is patented Ball technology for improved maneuverability. Dysons products are rare because even after the competitors trying to imitate the vacuum cleaners they arent able to make an exact copy of it. Example the Dysons vacuum and Hoover USA; Dysons colors are usually bright and it does launch exclusive editions based on novel colors while Hoover USA wind tunnel vacuums are available in fresh colors. The inimitability in Dysons is very difficult because it believes that the combination of design engineering and manufacturing is crucial in developing the most inimitable competences which could be protected through patents. The business is organized to fully exploit its competitive advantage; like in their UK headquarter access to the building and then subsequent area is via thumb print and even then some areas are out of bounds. They have even developed their own sound absorbing panels to ensure that conversations can be kept serious. Question 2 Competitors, especially in this area could imitate several capabilities of the Dysons company are: Technology and design [color, durability, and packaging]: Dysons follow a superior design result; in order to provide legitimate competition for Dyson, the competitors will have to hire superior engineer designers and also focus much on innovation. Cost efficiency: its possible for competitors to copy the relocation strategy; by moving the manufacturing plant to a cheap labor country like china rather than producing in home country with high cost. By adopting the cost efficient strategy the completion would increase because competitors like Miele and Excel Dryer Corporation will be having a competitive price as Dyson. Product features: Competitors are already trying to imitate these products with the USA wind tunnel vacuums and Mjele swivel head vacuums; however, the patent Dysons has placed on their products prevents other companies from outright stealing their ideas. Question 3 Threshold capabilities are capabilities needed for businesses to meet the basic necessities to compete in a given market. These could be threshold resources required to meet minimum requirements of its customers and threshold competences required to deploy resources so as to meet customers requirements and support particular strategies. The distinctive capabilities which may overtime become a threshold capability are: Engineering design is like an identity of Dysons products and which makes them distinctive in the market. With time engineering design which is currently a distinctive capability could become one of the most necessary capabilities in order to survive in the market. The existence of Dyson in the market is due to the strength of innovative high quality design and engineering of their products which is due to having highly specialized engineers and the updated technology. It is a product engineering that takes centre stage on the company website and generally in all company communication. Low cost manufacturing; currently it gives James Dyson a distinctive capability and a high profit margin but with time as the competition is increasing low manufacturing cost will become a threshold capability in order to survive in the market. Innovation; the company is obvious in its desires to promote the idea that a Dyson product means new, different, and a radical change; a Dyson product whether vacuum or washing machine is an innovation that the bright colors help these clever product stand out from the crowd. It is witnessed in the case that Dyson has been the starting point of the product and then follows the competitors; due to the quality and differentiated factor the consumers are ready to buy Dysons products at a high price. One main factor which is maintaining Dysons primary conceit is the improvement of a design which will clearly be threshold capability overtime. Question 4 With regard to answers to question 1 and 2, Sir James Dyson seems to be very serious with the companys future. The strategic capabilities are maintained strongly and those capabilities which a competitor could imitate are not easily given a chance, the competitor has to really put in effort to try imitating Sir James Dysons products. The effect of completely leaving or selling the company will be much more on the negative side because mainly the customers who value his innovation wont get the innovative products anymore and even if they it do it wont be Sir James Dysons standard. It is witnessed in the case that Though by 2010 the company was run by CEO Martin McCourt, James Dysons own image and personal brand remained central to the firms promotion. Due to that may be the there could be a decline in the customer base which could directly or indirectly affect all parts of the company; finance, sales, marketing and also production. And the decline in production could affect the china market also because it is said that contracts like Dysons help pull china up the manufacturing value chain too towards ever more complex products of the highest quality. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Fundamentals of strategy (CH 3) By: Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington Lecture slides (LE 6) REFERNCE www.antiessays.com/free-essays/128170.html www.antiessays.com/free-essays/172844.html www.writemypapers.org www.studymode.com Question 1 John Howie has pursued changes in many parts of Faslane, some of the changes are: Change in management structure; as it is witnessed in the case study that there was a management structure which wasnt right to deliver change. There were seven layers in it and now [2006] its down to a maximum of four layers. In the process of change in the management structure there was also reappointment of jobs. Changing in mindset; it is believed that a big opportunity might come from changing the mindset, to see their job as to deliver with the possible minimum spend. They believing in changing the mindset because the public sector manager whos got wide ranging responsibilities and a fairly large budget has no incentives to reduce cost and dont share any benefits and were brought up in a system where if the budget hadnt spent this year, it would be cut next year. Another change pursued by Faslane was the change in management system from infrastructure focus to naval focus. The commodore in charge saw partnering as an opportunity to better manage the people, but in the management team there were a mix of people who believed and were willing to give partnering or people who were likely to be personally disadvantaged by partnering and were less supportive. Also cost reduction is one the change pursued by Faslane, as it is witnessed in the case that by 2000 the MOD had decided to significantly reduce the cost and improve operational effectiveness of their naval bases. And in 2002 they signed a contract of cost affecting without affecting the service provided to the navy. Question 2 Change can be managed using different styles; clear direction may be vital to motivate a desire or create readiness to change; participation or intervention can help in gaining wider commitment across the organization and develop capabilities to identify blockages to change. The managing styles used in the case of Managing change at Faslane are as follows: Direction or coercion managing style; by definition direction managing style means making use of private managerial authority to establish a clear future strategy and how will the change occur. As it is witnessed in the case that we asked other companies which had been through large scale changes, what we should learn from what you did? And the answer was implementing the management structural changes. The change in the management structure was influenced from other companies which gave Faslane an advantage and  £14 million in the first year against the target of  £3 million. Participation or collaborative managing style; is mainly concerned with the contribution of those who will be affected by the change agenda. As seen in the case where it says that there was a process that required any change to be documented and passed through a series of review points. At each stage of the process people were given 14 days to review it but everybody looked at it on the thirteenth day so a total of 56 days process. By removing those stages people are free from the bureaucratic burden and instead of 56 days they are only given 14 days to review it. Performance scorecard; it is another change brought in by Craig Lockhart it was intended to measure the outputs and let the business system transparent. Everyone down to team leaders had become acutely aware that business performance is not something to be hidden, however it mainly didnt aim at measurement but also the business plan had been top-down. Question 3 Levers for managing change need to be considered in terms of the type of change and context of change. Such levers include changing operational processes and routines, the importance of political processes and other change tactics. The levers of changes used and others which could be used are: Changing operational process and routines; strategies are always delivered through day to day processes and routines of the operations of the organization. There is therefore a need for planning operational change: the identification of key changes in the routines of the organization. In effect strategic change needs to be considered in terms of the re-engineering of organizational process. This lever of change is used in the case and witnessed where it explains an example of the process that required any change to be documented; now that 56 days process is 6 days, a simple example of process of re engineering. Power and political processes; there is a need to consider the management of strategic change within this political context and also the stakeholder relationships in and around the organization. As seen in the case firstly it is important to understand who you need to have as allies such as the naval base commander. Above that the wider stakeholders like the commanding officers of the ships and submarines, security and also the local community are to be looked at. Question 4 The change brought in by Craig Lockhart and John Howie has been very much effective in terms of savings, service. Their target was achieved over 20% reduction in annual running costs, by the end of year 10 they are expecting a saving of  £280 million which is 38.2%. The navys view was that the service they received was better; the attitude, communication and responsiveness towards the navy were also better. So by making a few changes they brought about cost reduction and service improvement. The changes made in the management structure [from seven layers to four layers] have made them reappoint all the jobs, and the implementation has positively affected the cost by a saving of  £4milion in the first year against a target of  £3 million. Faslanes change in the measuring of outputs through performance scorecard has made the business system transparent. Everyone down to team leaders has become acutely aware that business performance is not something to be hidden. The changes led Craig to announce that in April 2010 Faslane would become the home base, not just for nuclear submarines but for the whole UK submarine fleet. This change is expected to create more jobs and the expansion of Faslane which will fulfill the need of the unemployed; the ways used to work together and bring about effective change within Faslane worked luminously. REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Fundamentals of strategy (CH 10) By: Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington Lecture slides (LE 12) REFERNCE www.writemypapers.org REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRABY BIBLIOGRAPHY Fundamentals of strategy (CH 2,3 10) By: Gerry Johnson, Kevan Scholes and Richard Whittington Lecture slides (LE 4,5,6 12)